Exodus 22

1. Laws About Theft and Property Damage (Verses 1–15):
Theft: Thieves must make restitution—up to five times the value for stealing livestock (v. 1–4).

Property Damage: If someone causes damage (e.g., by fire or neglect), they must repay the owner (v. 5–6).

Borrowing & Safekeeping: People were responsible for what they borrowed or guarded unless the damage was beyond their control (v. 7–15).

Key Lesson: God's justice system emphasizes restitution over punishment, encouraging responsibility and honesty in managing others’ property.

2. Social and Moral Laws (Verses 16–31):
Sexual Morality: A man who seduces a virgin must marry her or pay the bride price (v. 16–17).

Capital Crimes: Sorcery, bestiality, and idolatry with foreign gods were punishable by death (v. 18–20).

Compassion for the Vulnerable:

Do not mistreat foreigners, widows, or orphans—God will defend them (v. 21–24).

Lending should be free of exploitation—no interest or keeping the poor's cloak overnight (v. 25–27).

Respect for God and Authority:

Do not blaspheme God or curse leaders (v. 28).

Firstfruits and firstborn were to be dedicated to God (v. 29–30).

God called His people to be holy and distinct (v. 31).

Key Lesson: God is deeply concerned with compassion, holiness, and justice, especially toward the vulnerable and the marginalized.

Themes and Applications:
Restitution over retribution: God’s laws promote restoration rather than revenge.

Justice with mercy: The law protects the poor and defenseless, showing God's heart for the oppressed.

Holiness in daily life: Worship of God is tied to moral conduct and integrity in everyday relationships.