Exodus 12

The First Passover Instituted (v.1–28):

God gives new instructions to Moses and Aaron, marking a new calendar month—the start of Israel’s spiritual year.

Each family must choose a spotless lamb, kill it at twilight, and apply its blood to the doorposts.

They must eat the lamb roasted, with unleavened bread and bitter herbs, dressed and ready to leave.

God will pass through Egypt, striking down all firstborns, but will pass over houses with the blood on the door—hence the name Passover.

The day is to be remembered each year as a lasting ordinance, especially through the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

The Tenth Plague – Death of the Firstborn (v.29–30):

At midnight, the Lord strikes every firstborn in Egypt, from Pharaoh’s son to prisoners and animals.

There is great wailing throughout Egypt, but Israel is untouched.

Pharaoh Releases Israel (v.31–36):

Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron at night, urging them to leave with their people, flocks, and herds.

The Egyptians, terrified, urge the Israelites to go quickly, giving them silver, gold, and clothing.

God fulfills His promise by giving His people favor in the eyes of the Egyptians.

The Exodus Begins (v.37–42):

About 600,000 men (plus women and children) leave Egypt.

A “mixed multitude” (non-Israelites) also join them.

They bake unleavened bread, since there was no time for yeast to rise.

Israel had lived in Egypt for 430 years, and God brings them out on that very day.

Passover Regulations (v.43–51):

God gives specific rules: no foreigner may eat the Passover unless circumcised.

The lamb must be eaten in one house, and no bones broken—a foreshadowing of Jesus (John 19:36).

This day becomes a perpetual memorial for all generations.

Key Themes:
Salvation Through Substitution:

The blood of a spotless lamb saves the Israelites from death—pointing forward to Christ, the Lamb of God.

Obedience and Faith:

Israel's safety depended on trusting God’s word and acting in obedience.

God’s Deliverance:

After centuries of slavery, God powerfully delivers His people, fulfilling His covenant promises.

Judgment and Mercy:

While Egypt experiences judgment, Israel receives mercy through the blood.

New Identity and Calendar:

The Exodus marks a new beginning for Israel—both spiritually and nationally.

Application Points:
Jesus is our Passover Lamb (1 Corinthians 5:7)—trusting in His blood brings salvation.

True faith is shown in obedience, even when instructions are unusual or hard.

God remembers His promises and is faithful to deliver His people.

Spiritual readiness matters—live like people ready to move when God calls.

Celebrating God’s work (like Passover or Communion) keeps our hearts grateful and focused.