Exodus 11

The Final Plague Announced (v.1):

God tells Moses that one more plague—the death of all firstborns in Egypt—will finally compel Pharaoh to let the Israelites go.

Pharaoh will not just allow them to leave, he will drive them out completely.

Instructions for the Israelites (v.2–3):

God instructs the Israelites to ask the Egyptians for silver and gold as they prepare to leave.

The Egyptians, fearing God, favor the Israelites and give them wealth.

Moses is now held in high regard by the Egyptians and Pharaoh’s officials.

The Warning to Pharaoh (v.4–8):

Moses delivers God’s message to Pharaoh: around midnight, every firstborn in Egypt will die—from Pharaoh’s son to the firstborn of the lowest servant and even the livestock.

There will be great wailing in Egypt, unlike anything before or after.

But among the Israelites, not even a dog will bark, showing God’s clear protection of His people.

Moses declares that Pharaoh’s officials will come begging the Israelites to leave.

Moses then leaves Pharaoh in anger, symbolizing a final, decisive moment.

God Confirms Pharaoh’s Hardened Heart (v.9–10):

God reminds Moses that Pharaoh’s heart has been hardened so that God’s wonders may be fully displayed.

Despite all the signs, Pharaoh has refused to let the people go—setting the stage for the tenth plague.

Key Themes:
God's Sovereignty and Justice:

God controls the events of history and executes justice in His perfect timing.

The final plague is both a judgment and a turning point in Israel’s deliverance.

Separation and Protection of God’s People:

God distinguishes between Egypt and Israel, showing His faithfulness to His covenant people.

God’s Power Over Earthly Rulers:

Pharaoh’s resistance, though proud and powerful, is no match for God’s mighty hand.

Divine Preparation:

God prepares His people not just for freedom, but for blessing and provision, even using their enemies to supply them.

Application Points:
God is patient but just—persistent rebellion will face consequences.

God knows how to protect and provide for His people even in hostile environments.

Don’t mistake God’s mercy for inaction—His justice will prevail in due time.

When God gives a warning, it is also a chance to repent and turn to Him.