Exodus 10

God’s Purpose in the Plagues (vv. 1–2):
God tells Moses that He is hardening Pharaoh’s heart to perform signs that will help Israel remember and tell future generations of God's mighty acts and faithfulness.

Eighth Plague – Locusts (vv. 3–20):
Moses and Aaron confront Pharaoh again, warning him to humble himself before God. Pharaoh’s officials plead with him, saying, “Egypt is ruined!”

Pharaoh agrees to let the men go but refuses to let the women and children leave.

In response, God sends a massive swarm of locusts that devours every green thing left after the hail.

Pharaoh admits sin again and begs for forgiveness, but once the locusts are gone, his heart is hardened.

Ninth Plague – Darkness (vv. 21–29):
God sends thick darkness over Egypt for three days—a darkness so intense it can be felt. But again, the Israelites have light where they live.

Pharaoh says the people can go, but not the livestock. Moses refuses to compromise.

Pharaoh angrily tells Moses never to come before him again. Moses agrees, saying Pharaoh has sealed his own fate.

Key Takeaways:
God Uses Judgment to Teach and Test: The plagues are both signs to Egypt and reminders to Israel of God’s unmatched power and purpose.

Half-Obedience Is Still Disobedience: Pharaoh tries to control the terms of obedience, but God demands full surrender.

God Protects His People Amid Judgment: Israel is kept safe in Goshen, showing God's mercy to those under His covenant.

Spiritual Blindness Deepens: Though Pharaoh sees God's power clearly, he refuses to truly repent—revealing how pride can blind and harden the heart.