Case Study on American Airlines Flight 587

On November 12, 2001, American Airlines Flight 587, an Airbus A300, crashed shortly after takeoff from JFK Airport in New York, en route to the Dominican Republic. Just minutes into its flight, the plane encountered wake turbulence from a preceding Boeing 747, causing instability. First Officer Sten Molin, tasked with flying the aircraft, responded with excessive and rapid rudder inputs, overstressing the vertical stabilizer until it detached. The loss of control led to the plane crashing into Belle Harbor, a residential area, killing all 260 onboard and five people on the ground. The NTSB investigation identified the primary cause as pilot error due to improper rudder use, exacerbated by inadequate training from American Airlines for handling wake turbulence in large aircraft. The tragedy prompted revisions to pilot training protocols and left a lasting memorial in Rockaway Park to honor the victims.

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