A Narrative Review of the COVID-19 Infodemic and Censorship in Healthcare LIESTER, MITCHELL; Sohaib Ashraf; Patricia Callisperis; Hector Carvallo; Shankara Chetty; Robert Enzenauer; Carlos Franco-Paredes; Raul Pineda; Panagis Polykretis; Rachel Wilkenson; and Peter McCullough. 2025. "A Narrative Review of the COVID-19 Infodemic and Censorship in Healthcare." Secrecy and Society 3(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.55917/ 2377-6188.1087 https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/secrecyandsociety/vol3/iss2/3/ Ideological and financial motivations have undermined science for decades. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_ZDQKq2F08 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJBaBJawnSY Organizations and governments used misinformation, disinformation, censorship, and secrecy to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Information can be distorted and shaped by corporations and governments for financial gain or ideological purposes. Various rationales for employing censorship and secrecy during the COVID-19 pandemic are examined including, how organizations and governments create confusion about the risks associated with their products, and blame avoidance to shift responsibility and to avoid accountability for their actions. Methods of censorship employed during the COVID-19 pandemic are reviewed Data sources Scientific papers, government documents, mass media articles, books, and personal accounts of physicians and scientists. Use of censorship and secrecy created a challenge for scientists, physicians, politicians, and the general public in trying to understand COVID- related topics. Defeating the Merchants of Doubt Oreskes, Naomi, and Erik M. Conway. 2010. Nature 465 (7299): 686-87. https://www.nature.com/articles/465686a Tactics of doubt Corporations engage in deliberate strategies to create doubt about scientific findings. (the tobacco industry, cast doubt on the health risks of smoking) despite overwhelming evidence of the dangers of smoking. Use of so-called “experts” Corporations hire or fund scientists to challenge or undermine scientific findings. Support the corporate narrative Media manipulation By introducing fringe or discredited perspectives, corporations ensure that media coverage gives disproportionate weight to their desired narrative 'In the End, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.' https://www.socratic-method.com/quote-meanings/martin-luther-king-jr-in-the-end-we-will-remember-not-the-words-of-our-enemies-but-the-silence-of-our-friends#google_vignette By creating doubt and confusion, corporations manipulate public perception for their own financial gain. William R. Freudenburg Risk and Recreancy https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-62201-6_5 Privileged Access, Privileged Accounts https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236805506_Privileged_Access_Privileged_Accounts_Toward_a_Socially_Structured_Theory_of_Resources_and_Discourses Weapons of Mass Distraction https://www.elgaronline.com/display/book/9781803921044/ch27.xml Blame avoidance Shifting of responsibility / accountability for actions that result in adverse social consequences. Disproportionate attribution of blame When corporations manipulate public narratives to redirect blame toward others Normalization of deviance Over time, risky practices become normalized, reducing the likelihood that problems will be recognized as serious threats Privileged access to information By controlling access to critical information, corporations and governments make it difficult for the public or regulatory bodies to fully understand the risks or consequences of their actions or products. By controlling the flow of information, corporations diffuse or delay blame Misdirection Divert public attention away from their actions, they focus attention on smaller, less critical issues, or shift the narrative away from their culpability to natural causes Regulatory capture Is another way corporations avoid accountability

Borris Johnson, Unleashed https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13901757/Boris-johnson-covid-chinese-lab-memoir-wuhan-botched-experiment.html 'The awful thing about the whole Covid catastrophe is that it appears to have been entirely man-made, in all its aspects It now looks overwhelmingly likely that the mutation was the result of some botched experiment in a Chinese lab.’ 'Some scientists were clearly splicing bits of virus together like the witches in Macbeth – eye of bat and toe of frog – and oops, the frisky little critter jumped out of the test tube and started replicating all over the world.' In Unleashed Mr Johnson writes that the UK has fought this anthropogenic disease, 'with an ever-growing panoply of restrictions that were literally medieval in their savagery and their consequences.' 'In locking down our societies, we showed that we had barely progressed since early modern England, when Shakespeare and his colleagues were repeatedly compelled by law to shutter the Globe Theatre, and when they had rules on human contact – no more than six to a funeral, for instance that eerily prefigured some of the arcane stuff we came up with, week after week, in the Cabinet Room.' A Cobra member (to the newspaper) (Government's secret emergency committee) Ministers were studying intelligence about an accident at Wuhan's Institute of Virology, where scientists were carrying out high-risk experiments to manipulate coronaviruses – sampled from bats in caves nearly 1,000 miles away - to make them more transmissible. At the time, the silence from the British political and scientific establishment was deafening. Rather than risk accusing Beijing of culpability for one of the most devastating pandemics in history, the official line remained that the virus had been passed on at an animal market in Wuhan, despite DNA analysis of Covid-19 tracing it to bats found only in distant caves. Sceptics conflated the thesis with the notion that China had deliberately released the virus as the by-product of a weapons programme. Brad Wenstrup, Final Report https://oversight.house.gov/release/final-report-covid-select-concludes-2-year-investigation-issues-500-page-final-report-on-lessons-learned-and-the-path-forward/ COVID-19 ORIGIN: COVID-19 most likely emerged from a laboratory in Wuhan, China. The virus possesses a biological characteristic that is not found in nature. Data shows that all COVID-19 cases stem from a single introduction into humans. Wuhan is home to China’s foremost SARS research lab, which has a history of conducting gain-of-function research at inadequate biosafety levels. Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) researchers were sick with a COVID-like virus in the fall of 2019, months before COVID-19 was discovered at the wet market. By nearly all measures of science, if there was evidence of a natural origin it would have already surfaced. PROXIMAL ORIGIN PUBLICATION “The Proximal Origin of SARS-CoV-2” publication — which was used repeatedly by public health officials and the media to discredit the lab leak theory — was prompted by Dr. Fauci to push the preferred narrative that COVID-19 originated in nature. GAIN-OF-FUNCTION RESEARCH A lab-related incident involving gain-of-function research is most likely the origin of COVID-19. Current government mechanisms for overseeing this dangerous gain-of-function research are incomplete, severely convoluted, and lack global applicability. ECOHEALTH ALLIANCE INC. (ECOHEALTH) EcoHealth — under the leadership of Dr. Peter Daszak — used U.S. taxpayer dollars to facilitate dangerous gain-of-function research in Wuhan, China. New evidence also shows that the Department of Justice (DOJ) has opened an investigation into EcoHealth’s pandemic-era activities. NIH FAILURES NIH’s procedures for funding and overseeing potentially dangerous research are deficient, unreliable, and pose a serious threat to both public health and national security. SARS-CoV-2, the Virus that Causes COVID-19, Likely Emerged Because of a Laboratory or Research Related Accident. Four years after the onset of the worst pandemic in 100 years, the weight of the evidence increasingly supports the lab leak hypothesis. Since the Select Subcommittee commenced its work in February 2023, more and more senior intelligence officials, politicians, science editors, and scientists increasingly have endorsed the hypothesis that COVID-19 emerged as the result of a laboratory or research related accident. Dr. Robert Redfield (March 8, 2023) From the earliest days of the pandemic, my view was that both theories about the origin of COVID-19 needed to be aggressively and thoroughly examined. Based on my initial analysis of the data, I came to believe—and still believe today—that it indicates COVID-19 infections more likely were the result of an accidental lab leak than the result of a natural spillover event. Brad Wenstrup, Final Report “The WIV has a published record of conducting “gain-of-function” research to engineer chimeric viruses.” The June 2023 ODNI Assessment supported this conclusion and went further, stating, “[s]cientists at the WIV have created chimeras, or combinations of SARS-like coronaviruses through genetic engineering, attempted to clone other unrelated viruses, and used reverse genetic cloning techniques on SARS-like coronaviruses.” The June 2023 ODNI Assessment continued, “[s]ome of the WIV’s genetic engineering projects on coronaviruses involved techniques that could make it difficult to detect intentional changes.”

The association between acute transverse myelitis and COVID-19 vaccination in Korea https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ene.70020 Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) has been reported as a potential association between COVID-19 vaccination. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38350768/ Results 368 ATM cases diagnosed after first COVID-19 vaccination during the study period (159 ATM patients were included). Among them, 82 (51.6%) were male The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 2.41, for the ATM risk within 1–42 days after COVID-19 vaccination. The IRR (Incidence Rate Ratio) 3.31 for ChAdOx1-S (AZ) 1.99 for BNT162b2 (Pfizer) 2.57 for mRNA-1273 (Moderna) 3.33 for Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) Methods A self-controlled case series study https://www.bmj.com/content/354/bmj.i4515 Large database that combines the COVID-19 vaccine registry and the national claims database. The COVID-19 vaccination Data, information on individuals aged 18 + who received COVID-19 vaccination from February 26, 2021, to August 31, 2022. Patients who developed acute transverse myelitis The claims database covered the entire Korean population Patients who develop ATM within 1–42 days following COVID-19 vaccination The observation period was 270 days after the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion These findings indicated an increased risk of ATM following COVID-19 vaccination within 42 days. An association with the risk of ATM was found both for viral vector and mRNA vaccines. Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) A rare neurological disorder Inflammation of the spinal cord Can lead to sensory and motor deficits, paralysis, severe disability, autonomic loss The causes of ATM are uncertain; however, it is known to be associated with autoimmunity triggered by various environmental factors, including vaccination. DISCUSSION This nationwide population-based SCCS study identified a significant increase in the incidence of ATM within 1–42 days following COVID-19 vaccination. Our findings contribute to the ongoing debate on the safety profiles of COVID-19 vaccines by providing evidence of potential neurological complications. The pathogenesis of TM appears to be immune-mediated from infection, para-infection, and autoimmune disease Post-vaccination TM may be associated with various types of immune pathways, including autoimmune It is generally accepted that post-vaccinal CNS demyelination occurs after 7 days post-vaccination In the case of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, an immunological reaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies and tissue proteins may contribute to the development of demyelinating autoimmune disease Previous literature has not drawn conclusions as clear as our findings because most earlier studies relied on voluntary AE reporting data from countries such as the United States and the UK. However, these reports often have problems of underreporting, and inconsistencies in data quality, which can lead to bias. Our analysis benefits from South Korea's robust healthcare infrastructure, which boasts a high density of MRI machines. This could potentially explain some of the discrepancies observed between our results and those from studies conducted in other settings. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate an increased risk of ATM following COVID-19 vaccination regardless of whether it is a viral vector and mRNA vaccine. Physicians should exercise caution regarding the possibility of ATM following vaccination An emerging pattern Neurological complications after first dose of COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/servlet/linkout?suffix=null&dbid=8&doi=10.1111%2Fene.70020&key=34697502&getFTLinkType=true&doiForPubOfPage=10.1111%2Fene.70020&refDoi=10.1038%2Fs41591-021-01556-7&linkType=PMID&linkSource=FULL_TEXT&linkLocation=Reference Emerging reports of rare neurological complications associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccinations are leading to regulatory, clinical and public health concerns. Acute Transverse Myelitis after COVID-19 Vaccination https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34684047/#full-view-affiliation-1 The adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccine have been discovered as the rapid application of the vaccines continues. Neurological complications such as transverse myelitis raise concerns as cases were observed in clinical trials. Overview of Transverse Myelitis after COVID-19 vaccination https://www.lareb.nl/Knowledge/FilePreview?id=42797&p=33550 Until January 16th 2023, The Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre received 48 reports of TM following COVID-19 vaccination. Neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/servlet/linkout?suffix=null&dbid=8&doi=10.1111%2Fene.70020&key=34750810&getFTLinkType=true&doiForPubOfPage=10.1111%2Fene.70020&refDoi=10.1111%2Fane.13550&linkType=PMID&linkSource=FULL_TEXT&linkLocation=Reference The most frequent neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are headache, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), venous sinus thrombosis (VST), and transverse myelitis. A systematic review of cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 vaccination https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/servlet/linkout?suffix=null&dbid=8&doi=10.1111%2Fene.70020&key=34839149&getFTLinkType=true&doiForPubOfPage=10.1111%2Fene.70020&refDoi=10.1016%2Fj.jneuroim.2021.577765&linkType=PMID&linkSource=FULL_TEXT&linkLocation=Reference Majority of cases (71.8%) occurred after the first dose of the vaccine, with neurological symptoms manifesting after a median of 9 days. The most common reported presentation was transverse myelitis Transverse Myelitis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Pharmacoepidemiological Study in the World Health Organization's Database https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/servlet/linkout?suffix=null&dbid=8&doi=10.1111%2Fene.70020&key=36054163&getFTLinkType=true&doiForPubOfPage=10.1111%2Fene.70020&refDoi=10.1002%2Fana.26494&linkType=PMID&linkSource=FULL_TEXT&linkLocation=Reference TM was significantly associated both with the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are authorized by the FDA or the EMA.

Virologist and vaccine expert Dr. Geert Vanden Bossche PhD begging parents not to vaccinate their children with the Convid vaccine.

Direct links to Marc’s book and substack Amazon.com (USA) https://www.amazon.com/NEEDLES-SECRET-UNRAVELING-MYSTERY-REVOLUTION/dp/B0CYLSCMHN/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8 UK Amazon https://www.amazon.co.uk/NEEDLES-SECRET-UNRAVELING-MYSTERY-REVOLUTION/dp/B0CYLSCMHN/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8 Australia Amazon https://www.amazon.com.au/NEEDLES-SECRET-UNRAVELING-MYSTERY-REVOLUTION/dp/B0CYLSCMHN/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8 The Bolus Theory Series on Substack https://covidmythbuster.substack.com My Bolus Theory website https://marcgirardot.com

Donate and help Dr McCann now: https://www.mightycause.com/story/Q55zgf Dr Melissa McCann is a general practitioner and practice principal of more than 12 years experience working in rural general practice settings The concealment of vaccine induced deaths by Australian regulators, brought to light in a recent series of conferences presented by Dr McCann and the United Australia Party, has sent shockwaves around the country. United Australia Party Chairman, Clive Palmer, praised the courage of the medical experts who spoke at the sold-out conferences, which were attended by many thousands of concerned Australians. Referring to a current article by one of the key speakers, renowned American cardiologist Dr Peter McCullough, Mr Palmer said the exposure of “wilful concealment” by the TGA should be greatly concerning for all Australians. Dr McCollough wrote: “In an explosive set of public lectures, crowded halls filled with thousands of Australians learned from Dr Melissa McCann (BPharm, MBBS, FRACGP), who also holds a Graduate Certificate of Allergic Disease, that Dr John Skerritt and the TGA had determined that several previously healthy young children died of COVID-19 vaccine induced myocarditis. Redacted letters from the TGA to Dr McCann indicated these facts and an admission of wilful concealment. “The dossier included letters of concern from Dr McCann, other doctors and the responses from Skerritt. Alarmingly, Skerritt and the TGA did not want to go public with these cases in order to keep the vaccine campaign going without “vaccine hesitancy” among a weary public who were witnessing countless injuries, disabilities, and deaths with repeated injections. Dr McCann showed each letter and the causality determination with the vignette of victim after victim.” Clive Palmer said the huge public response to the Australian vaccine and effects conferences highlighted the public’s concern in the breach of public safety by the TGA. “I commend those Australians who voted with their feet in attending these conferences and the brave medical experts for sharing their expertise in bringing these important matters into the public domain,” Mr Palmer said. Donate and help Dr McCann now: https://www.mightycause.com/story/Q55zgf Become a UAP member today: https://www.unitedaustraliaparty.org.au/join-united-australia-party/