New Testament / Koine Greek, #20: Basics of Biblical Greek Workbook, William (Bill) Mounce, Chap 18

Lecture #20 in New Testament or Koine Greek, covers chapter 18 of William (Bill) Mounce’s Basics of Biblical Greek Workbook, which is about present middle / passive indicative verbs. The class is taught by independent Baptist professor Thomas Ross. All the parsing, warm up, translation, and additional exercises of chapter 18 are examined, and differences between the critical Greek text used by Dr. Mounce and the Textus Receptus received as the preserved Word of God by the professor and students are examined.

The chapter exercises cover, in order, portions of 1 Corinthians 5:1; Mark 3:20; Mark 10:26; Revelation 16:15; Shepherd of Hermas 43:8; Psalm 19:3 (LXX Psalm 18:4); Matthew 13:55; John 14:12; John 7:34; Mark 15:4; Mark 6:30; John 21:3; John 12:23; John 3:2; Mark 2:18 (slightly adjusted); 1 Samuel 11:4 (slightly adjusted); Genesis 16:8; Ecclesiastes 12:13 (slightly adjusted); Ruth 1:11; Matthew 9:28; John 1:46; Luke 2:4 & Mark 2:7.

The present passive indicative forms of λύω, with their respective personal endings, are as follows:

λύομαι μαι
λύῃ σαι
λύεται ται
λυόμεθα μεθα
λύεσθε σθε
λύονται νται

The present middle indicative forms of the deponent verb ἔρχομαι, with their respective personal endings, are as follows:

ἔρχομαι μαι
ἔρχῃ σαι
ἔρχεται ται
ἐρχόμεθα μεθα
ἔρχεσθε σθε
ἔρχονται νται

The present middle / passive indicative forms of contract verbs, which follow the same rules of contraction in the middle/passive as they do in the active, are as follows:

-άω

ἀγαπῶμαι
ἀγαπᾷ
ἀγαπᾶται
ἀγαπώμεθα
ἀγαπᾶσθε
ἀγαπῶνται

-έω

ποιοῦμαι
ποιῇ
ποιεῖται
ποιούμεθα
ποιεῖσθε
ποιοῦνται

-όω

πληροῦμαι
πληροῖ
πληροῦται
πληρούμεθα
πληροῦσθε
πληροῦνται

These can be compared with the primary active paradigm of λύω with its endings:

λύω
λύεις ς
λύει ι
λύομεν μεν
λύετε τε
λύουσι(ν) νσι

The vocabulary for chapter 18 is:

ἀποκρίνομαι I answer (*ἀποκριν) -, ἀπεκρινάμην, -, -, ἀπεκρίθην

Note: ἀποκρίνομαι can take a direct object in the dative.

δεῖ It is necessary

Note: This verb is always third person singular and its subject is always neuter.

δύναμαι I am able, am powerful (*δυνα) (ἐδυνάμην or ἠδυνάμην), δυνήσομαι, -, -, -, ἠδυνήθην

Note: δύναμαι is one of the few exceptions to the rules concerning connecting vowels. δύναμαι uses alpha throughout.

1 singular δύναμαι 1 plural δυνάμεθα
2 singular δύνασαι / δύνῃ 2 plural δύνασθε
3 singular δύναται 3 plural δύνανται

ἔρχομαι I come, go (*ἐρχ) (ἠρχόμην), ἐλεύσομαι, ἦλθον or ἦλθα, ἐλήλυθα, -, -

νύξ, νυκτός, ἡ night (*νυκτ)

ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅτι whoever, whichever, whatever (*ὁ + *τιν)

Note: This word is the combination of the relative and the indefinite pronouns (ὅς + τις). As such, both halves decline. The full paradigm is (note the Textus Receptus forms, which are contrasted with the Basics of Biblical Greek critical text forms):

ὅστις ἥτις ὅτι [TR has ὅ τι with a space]
οὗτινος ἧστινος οὗτινος [TR gen. sing, ὅτου]
ᾧτινι ᾗτινι ᾧτινι
ὅντινα ἥντινα ὅτι [TR has ὅ τι with a space]

οἵτινες αἵτινες ἅτινα
ὧντινων ὧντινων ὧντινων
οἷστισι(ν) αἷστισι(ν) οἷστισι(ν)
οὕστινας ἅστινας ἅτινα

Note: Because ὅστις is formed with the relative pronoun, it will only introduce a dependent clause; the ὅστις clause cannot contain the main subject and verb. In Koine Greek, this relative indefinite pronoun was starting to shift so that it could also be used as the relative pronoun. In other words, its indefinite significance can be lost and ὅστις can be translated the same as ὅς if required by the context.

πορεύομαι I go, proceed, live (*πορευ) (ἐπορευόμην), πορεύσομαι, -, -, πεπόρευμαι, ἐπορεύθην

συνάγω I gather together, invite (59x; *συναγ) συνάξω, συνήγαγον, -, συνῆγμαι, συνήχθην

τόπος, -ου, ὁ place, location (*τοπο)

ὡς as, like, when, that, how, about

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