Challenges with interstellar travel - Payload and advanced systems

Hazards of Space Travel. Payload: The Saturn V is the rocket with the highest "proven" payload capacity. It was developed by the United States in the 1960s and 70s. It was used during NASA's Apollo and Skylab programs. It had a payload capacity of approximately 140 metric tons (310,000 pounds) to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). A more powerful version of this rocket was planned for NASA's Constellation program in the mid-2000s.Now, the most powerful operational rocket is the Falcon Heavy rocket from SpaceX. It can carry 63.8 metric tons (141,000 pounds) to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in a fully expendable configuration. In a fully expendable configuration, it can carry around 57 metric tons (126,000 pounds) to LEO. This is about the same as our previous "proven" payload capacity.However, our current "puny" payload capacity is even worse. For example, it can carry a crew of five on a 1,200-day mission to Mars. It is estimated that we would need to lift a "total" payload of 600,000 kilograms (600 metric tons) to LEO, but our current capacity is only about 64 metric tons per launch. Due to our limited current propulsion systems, payload capacities are...Let's call it "inadequate". If we plan for the likely need to transport hundreds of metric tons of materials to an orbital ship construction site, the payload capacity requirements become very challenging.These current payload limitations create a cycle where we can't increase our payload capacity because we can't build ships in orbit, and we can't build ships in orbit because we can't increase our payload capacity.
Hector Vladimir 2025©
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