FARADAY-LENZ LAW

Faraday-Lenz's law is a fundamental law of physics that describes the relationship between the electric current induced in a circuit and the change in the magnetic flux through the circuit.

History

Faraday-Lenz's law was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831 and subsequently formulated mathematically by Heinrich Lenz in 1834.

Law statement

Faraday-Lenz's law establishes that:

"The electric current induced in a circuit is proportional to the rhythm of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit and opposes the change that produced it."

Mathematical formulation

Faraday-Lenz's law can be expressed mathematically as follows:

ε = -n (dφ/dt)

Where:

- ε is the electromotive force (fem) induced in the circuit.
- N is the number of laps of the circuit.
- φ is the magnetic flow through the circuit.
- D/DT is the temporal derivative, which represents the rhythm of change of the magnetic flux.

Meaning of the negative sign

The negative sign in the equation indicates that the induced current opposes the change that produced it. This is known as the "law of Lenz" and is a direct consequence of energy conservation.

Applications

Faraday-Lenz's law has numerous applications in physics and engineering, including:

- Electric generators
- Electric motors
- Transformers
- Inductances
- Resonant circuits

Importance

Faraday-Lenz's law is essential to understand how electrical and electronic devices work. It is an essential tool to design and analyze electrical circuits and is a basis for many modern technologies.