Petra, jordan

Petra, originally known to its inhabitants as, Raqmu or Raqēmō, is a historic, and archaeological city, in southern Jordan. It is adjacent, [startSpeech r=X-Slow startSpeech][endSpeech] to the mountain of Jabal Al-Madbah, in a basin surrounded by mountains, forming the eastern flank, of the Arabah valley, running from the Dead Sea, to the Gulf of Aqaba. The area around Petra, has been inhabited from as early as 7000 BC, and the Nabataeans, might have settled in what would become, the capital city of their kingdom, as early as the 4th century BC. Archaeological work, has only discovered evidence of Nabataean presence, dating back to the second century BC, by which time, Petra had become their capital. The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs, who invested in Petra's proximity to the incense trade routes, by establishing it as a major regional trading hub.

The trading business, gained the Nabataeans considerable revenue, and Petra became the focus of their wealth. The Nabataeans, were accustomed to living in the barren deserts, unlike their enemies, and were able to repel attacks, by taking advantage of the area's mountainous terrain. They were particularly skillful in harvesting rainwater, agriculture, and stone carving. Petra flourished in the 1st century AD, when its famous Al-Khazneh structure, believed to be the mausoleum of Nabataean king Aretas IV, was constructed, and its population peaked at an estimated 20,000 inhabitants.

Although the Nabataean kingdom, became a client state of the Roman Empire, in the first century BC, it was only in 106 AD, that it lost its independence. Petra fell to the Romans, who annexed Nabataea, and renamed it as Arabia Petraea. Petra's importance declined, as sea trade routes emerged, and after an earthquake in 363, destroyed many structures. In the Byzantine era, several Christian churches were built, but the city continued to decline, and by the early Islamic era, it was abandoned, except for a handful of nomads. It remained unknown, until it was rediscovered in 1812, by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt.

Access to the city, is through a 1.2-kilometre-long, gorge called the Siq, which leads directly to the Khazneh, . Famous for its rock-cut architecture, and water conduit system. Petra is also called the "Rose City", because of the colour of the stone, from which it is carved. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site, since 1985. UNESCO has described Petra as, "one of the most precious, cultural properties, of man's cultural heritage". In 2007, Al-Khazneh was voted, one of the New 7 Wonders of the World. Petra is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most-visited, tourist attraction.