'The World Set Free' (1913) by H G Wells

'The World Set Free' is a prophetic novel that imagines the development of atomic energy and its transformative effects on humanity. The story, written before nuclear physics was fully understood, envisions a future where atomic power is harnessed, leading to revolutionary changes in energy production and weaponry.

The novel opens with the discovery of "indefatigable" radioactive materials that release energy continuously. Wells depicts scientists who harness this new energy, initially with the goal of advancing society, but their efforts soon have destructive consequences as the technology is adapted for warfare. This leads to a devastating world conflict, as nations unleash powerful "atomic bombs" on one another, causing widespread devastation.

As civilization teeters on the edge, the survivors come together to seek a lasting peace. Wells explores the emergence of a world government, created to manage atomic power responsibly and prevent future wars. He envisions a new global society based on cooperation rather than conflict, where humanity redirects its focus toward progress, unity, and enlightenment.

Wells’s novel is notable for its foresight, particularly in its depiction of atomic bombs and the ethical dilemmas surrounding powerful technologies. Ultimately, The World Set Free reflects Wells’s belief in the potential of scientific progress to reshape human society, but also serves as a cautionary tale about the risks of unchecked technological advancement.