#OnThisDate December 4, 1867 - Agricultural Revolution

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In Washington, D.C., Oliver Hudson Kelley, A Former Clerk For The U.S. Department Of Agriculture, Founded The National Grange Of The Order Of Patrons Of Husbandry, Commonly Referred To As "The Grange." This Organization Was Established To Empower Farmers Economically And Socially During A Period Of Severe Hardships Marked By Post-Civil War Reconstruction And Increasing Industrialization. Kelley, Inspired By His Travels Through The Southern United States, Recognized The Isolation And Financial Struggles Facing Agricultural Communities.

The Grange Emerged As The First National Agricultural Organization In The United States, Uniting Farmers Across Regional Lines. The Organization Aimed To Promote Cooperative Purchasing Of Supplies, Provide Agricultural Education, And Advocate For Economic And Political Reforms To Address Exploitative Practices By Railroads And Grain Storage Facilities. By The Early 1870s, Granges Were Established Across The Nation, Particularly In The Midwest, Where Farmers Faced High Freight Rates And Price Manipulations By Monopolistic Industries.

The Grange’s Influence Peaked In The 1870s With Its Advocacy For Legislative Change, Leading To The Passage Of "Granger Laws" In States Such As Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, And Wisconsin. These Laws Regulated Railroad Rates And Grain Elevator Fees, Reflecting The Growing Political Power Of Rural America. The Grange Also Played A Key Role In The Supreme Court Case Munn v. Illinois (1877), Where The Court Upheld The Constitutionality Of State Regulation Over Private Industries Serving The Public Interest.

In Addition To Economic Advocacy, The Grange Fostered Community Building Through Events And Activities Promoting Rural Education, Social Interaction, And Civic Engagement. While Its Political Influence Declined By The Late 19th Century, The Grange Laid The Foundation For Subsequent Agricultural Movements, Including The Farmers' Alliances And The Populist Party.

Today, The Grange Continues To Operate, Reflecting Its Enduring Legacy In Supporting Rural Communities And Shaping Agricultural Policy. The Founding Of The Grange Represents A Pivotal Moment In American History, Marking The Beginning Of Organized Advocacy For Farmers' Rights And Rural Development During A Transformative Era.

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