Judaism was corrupted by the Occult and immoral practices of Babylon. Pederasty – the Sexual Molestation of Children. Today, the greatest Rabbis of the Talmud would be locked up as child molesters. Pederasty was deeply entrenched among the most respected Talmud Rabbis. It was taken for granted that the local Rabbi could acquire a baby girl by 3 years of age as his Sex Toy, simply by Raping her. Here are some passages from the Talmud granting such permission: • “Master, at what age may a women marry?” At the Age of 3 years and one day he told her. A girl of 3 years and one day may be betrothed by Intercourse. • Rabbi Joseph said: “Come and hear, a maiden of 3 years old and a day may be acquired in marriage by coition.” When a grown up man has intercourse with a little girl, it’s nothing.” • The footnote to this passage says: “Tears come to the eye again and again, so does virginity come back to the little girl under 3 years.” The Talmud forbids Homosexuality among Adult Jews. Sodomy with small Boys is Permitted. The Talmud defines a boy under 9 years of age as a Minor, not a man. Since the boy is not sexually mature, the Talmud teaches he cannot throw guilt upon the Rabbi who Rapes him. Only he is able to engage in sexual intercourse may throw guilt upon the active offender. Whilst he who is unable to engage in sexual intercourse cannot. Pederasty is endorsed by the Greatest Rabbis of the Talmud. These include Rabbi Ben-Zachai, Rabbi Ben-Yohai and Rabbi Aqaba. Source: Western Defiance -- https://www.facebook.com/reel/1805962013294072 ======================================================================= PROTECT YOURSELF: Protect yourself, your children and loved ones from the harmful EMF from the newly installed 5G Towers. We are constantly being Bombarded by Harmful Radiation, being hit from all directions, every single day. Up to 75% OFF! Hope & Tivon’s EMF Protection Products: https://www.ftwproject.com/our-special-offers/ref/528/ Check out the Special Offers on all the EMF PROTECTION Products – including: 1. Phone & Laptop Shields 2. Pyramids 3. Sleeping Pods 4. Charge Plates 5. GardenSets 6. Shungite Tiles 7. Pendants. ***PLEASE FOLLOW My BLOG → https://mrnavac.blogspot.com/ END. 7/10/2025 6:00 PM *******************************************************

After scoffing at people like me for more than two decades, Kiriakou—like Tucker Carlson, Candace Owens, Senator Ron Johnson, and so many others—now admits we were right. (Source: https://x.com/Partisangirl )

The Movie NUMEC for your viewing pleasure. Substack: https://www.ryandawson.org/ Ryan's Store: https://antineocon.com/ Other links: https://www.ancreport.com/socials/

In this jaw-dropping episode of Baseless Conspiracies, hosts Jon Herold and Zak "RedPill78" Paine welcome special guest Ashton Forbes for an in-depth exposé on the mystery of Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370. Far from a simple aviation tragedy, Ashton presents groundbreaking evidence suggesting the plane’s disappearance was part of a covert military operation involving advanced technology, including what he claims is teleportation via plasma orbs and classified drone surveillance systems. Ashton walks viewers through two authenticated military videos showing the moment MH370 vanished mid-air, surrounded by rotating orbs, captured by a cutting-edge surveillance system known as Gorgon Stare. He breaks down the science behind magneto-hydrodynamic propulsion, quantum entanglement, and space-time manipulation, asserting the orbs used advanced directed energy to pull the plane out of existence, possibly even teleporting it to a classified destination. The conversation weaves through suppressed patents, espionage theories, and the fate of an alleged whistleblower tied to the leaked footage. Whether it’s geopolitics, military tech, or the limits of reality itself, this episode dares to ask the question: what really happened to MH370, and who is controlling the narrative? If you're ready for a deep red pill, this one's for you. Live from Rumble Studio Mondays at 10:30 PM ET Episode Archive: https://rumble.com/playlists/Af3CIq1Wgl0 Jon Herold and Zak Paine talk about their favorite conspiracies! Leave a Donation to the Show: https://badlandsmedia.tv/boost Sponsored by: • Save Pulse - Get Ivermectin, Hydroxychloroquine, and Fenbendazole here: http://badlandsmedia.tv/meds Promo Code: SAVEHEALTH for 20% off $100+ Follow & Support Badlands Media: https://linktr.ee/badlandsmediatv • Manly Cans https://badlandsmedia.tv/manlycans Our Daily Schedule: https://badlandsmedia.tv/schedule GART: Tickets/Information https://badlandsmedia.tv/events Interested in promoting your business? Email Matt Byram at: ads.badlandsmedia@proton.me Baseless Conspiracies is: Jon Herold: https://twitter.com/patel_patriot https://truthsocial.com/@patelpatriot Zak Paine: https://twitter.com/RedPill78 https://truthsocial.com/@RedPill78 #JonHerold #ZakPaine

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Lue Elizondo, Steven Greer, Chris Bledsoe, Leslie Kean, Jeremy Corbell, John Ramirez, Jason Sands, Ian Carroll, Diana Pasulka, Anjali Statements from UFO figures related to the subject themes

Hal Puthoff is a physicist researching energy generation, space propulsion, and other related topics. He is the president and CEO of EarthTech International, Inc., and director of the Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin. ⁠https://www.earthtech.org⁠ This episode is brought to you by Visible. Join now at⁠https://visible.com/rogan⁠ 50% off your first box at⁠https://www.thefarmersdog.com/rogan⁠! ------------------------------------------------ YouTube: https://youtu.be/Gf_tKn9TaP8?si=TJEChQanxGLLSUcn Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1bVRf3i6Qnfg3dwoQ72e47?si=PMHti876SL64-lXMsSqtqA ------------------------------------------------

In this live stream we will be covering all the different statements from UFO movers and shakers about an upcoming alien invasion or some kind of impending apocalypse. I am not saying the world is ending or an invasion is coming but a suprising amount of notable figures in the UFO Disclosure movement have made statements indicating they believe this to be the case. All previous end of the world predictions have been false but this stream will hopefully serve as a one stop shop of all these various statements. 00:00 Intro 19:20 New Netflix Brooklyn abduction trailer reaction 24:38 Robert Stack PSA about end of the world predictions 30:06 Carl Sagan early life and debunking UFOs 33:46 Sagan and the American scientific community abandoning UFOs 35:07 Immanuel Velikovsky 40:08 Velikovsky's theories spread 47:00 Sagan and the American scientific community abondaning Velikovsky's theories 49:12 Sagan the debunker of UFOs and Velikovsky's theories 55:03 The Adam and Eve Story by Chan Thomas 1:07:46 Roswell Art's Parts letter 1:10:04 Heaven's Gate UFO Cult 1:12:31 The Chris Bledsoe Story 1:16:12 The Intelligence Community and the Lady 1:28:05 What the Lady told Chris Bledsoe 1:38:35 Chris Bledsoe on Fox News 1:52:18 Chris Bledsoe on 2027 and the Lady 1:58:59 The Chris Gray Murder 2:12:12 Jason Sands on the Ashtar Command 2:16:59 Russel Crowe on 2027 2:22:14 Elon Musks on Pole Shifts 2:26:38 Diddy says the aliens are coming 2:44:22 Greer on the Eschaton cult 2:50:59 Greer says he's hearing 2026 through 2028 2:53:12 John Ramirez says 2027 2:55:29 Leslie Kean says life will be dificult in less than 4 years 3:05:46 Leslie Kean thinks aliens are coming to watch the end of the world 3:28:34 Ross Coulthart speaks on 2027 3:32:21 Elzondo thinks you should enjoy yourself while you can 3:37:39 Chains of the Sea recommended by Elizondo 3:52:59 Elizondo on the Three Body Problem 4:00:40 Elizondo's new statements on invasion 4:04:53 Disclosure Mike on what's coming 4:10:33 Jason Sands on 2027 and invasion 4:17:08 David Grusch on agreements with NHI 4:19:54 Richard Doty 4:28:19 James Web Telescope 4:34:51 Closing Thoughts 4:44:59 The Third Secret of Fatima

FULL EPISODE: The Ripple Effect Podcast #184 (James Corbett & Chris Emery | OKC Bombing Special): https://rickyvarandas.com/2019/04/18/the-ripple-effect-podcast-184-james-corbett-chris-emery-okc-bombing-special/ You can find the full episode on all the major podcast audio platforms like Spotify, iTunes, Podcast Addict, ect, and the videos on many platforms like Rumble, Odysee, BitChute & Banned.Video THE RIPPLE EFFECT PODCAST: WEBSITE: http://TheRippleEffectPodcast.com Website Host & Video Distributor: https://ContentSafe.co/ SUPPORT: PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/TheRippleEffectPodcast PayPal: https://www.PayPal.com/paypalme/RvTheory6 VENMO: https://venmo.com/code?user_id=3625073915201071418&created=1663262894 MERCH Store: http://www.TheRippleEffectPodcastMerch.com MUSIC: https://music.apple.com/us/album/the-ripple-effect-ep/1057436436 SPONSORS: OPUS A.I. Clip Creator: https://www.opus.pro/?via=RickyVarandas University of Reason-Autonomy: https://www.universityofreason.com/a/2147825829/ouiRXFoL WATCH: RUMBLE: https://rumble.com/c/therippleeffectpodcast BANNED.VIDEO: https://banned.video/channel/the-ripple-effect-podcast OFFICIAL YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/@TheRippleEffectPodcastOFFICIAL YOUTUBE CLIPS CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/@RickyVarandas TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@ricky.varandas LISTEN: SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/4lpFhHI6CqdZKW0QDyOicJ iTUNES: http://apple.co/1xjWmlF PodOmatic: https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/rvtheory6 CONNECT: TeleGram: https://t.me/TREpodcast X: https://x.com/RvTheory6 IG: https://www.instagram.com/rvtheory6/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/TheRippleEffectPodcast/ THE UNION OF THE UNWANTED: https://linktr.ee/TheUnionOfTheUnwanted

Art Bell and Gerald Celente - Economic and Political Trends Includes: Coast to Coast 07/09/2002, 01/18/2004, 12/18/2008, Midnight in the Desert 08/25/2015 Odysee: https://odysee.com/@ArtBellFan:3/gerald-celente:51 Full Economy Compilation: https://odysee.com/@AllThingsArtBell:7/economy-full-compilation:b https://archive.org/details/art-bell-compilations Minds: https://www.minds.com/artbellfan/ Guilded: https://www.guilded.gg/i/240JAoG2 Support the channel: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/allthingsartbell BTC: bc1qz4y4umnthfenqnx64z60x3gdlmydyr2c4yuv2h ETH: 0xd879D6183216567b33Baf227dec698d2b40e08BF Backgrounds: Intro - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hTdVAipcTI 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8w5ELqXNlvk 2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xg1gNlxto2M 3 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5lfdSCrNAM Outro - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvAda2e2ZP4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeVx1C73o8k

The Kim Iversen Show LIVE | March 27, 2025 Whitney Webb has been a professional writer, researcher and journalist since 2016. She has written for several websites and, from 2017 to 2020, was a staff writer and senior investigative reporter for Mint Press News. She currently writes for Unlimited Hangout. She is the author of the book One Nation Under Blackmail. Recently her work was referenced by Ian Carroll on the Joe Rogan Podcast. Follow Whitney on X https://x.com/_whitneywebb Buy Whitney's book: Volume 1: https://www.amazon.com/One-Nation-Under-Blackmail-Intelligence/dp/1634243013/ref=pd_bxgy_d_sccl_1/147-0172745-5165338?pd_rd_w=7BovY&content-id=amzn1.sym.dcf559c6-d374-405e-a13e-133e852d81e1&pf_rd_p=dcf559c6-d374-405e-a13e-133e852d81e1&pf_rd_r=ZRV372KGHJRR6A2GPBRZ&pd_rd_wg=s8eht&pd_rd_r=c10407e9-f9bc-43aa-bc9b-d6551762fedc&pd_rd_i=1634243013&psc=1 Volume 2: https://www.amazon.com/One-Nation-Under-Blackmail-Intelligence/dp/1634243021/ref=sr_1_1?dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.d50FuXjM1dlzifT3OP6ViQNYHPn1hK65Cj3aaSFnUIA.ipJRVvkD_hU2Lyv-wyovBQ6YorYgw0-6hO0MjnyGq7o&dib_tag=se&hvbmt=%7BBidMatchType%7D&hvdev=c&qid=1743102812&refinements=p_27%3AWhitney+Alyse+Webb&s=books&sr=1-1 Go to http://takelean.com and enter code KIM20 for 20% off. Become a member of my LOCALS community where you will gain access to exclusive content, behind-the-scenes videos, valuable information, and even connect with me personally and others as well. It's a great way to support my independent media channel while receiving more content. You can become a FREE member or a paid subscriber. Visit https://kimiversen.locals.com/support Sign up for my FREE email newsletter here to get notifications of livestreams and segments: www.KimIversenemailsignup.com (I will never spam you or sell your info)

This is the trailer for the full-length project, ET PSYOP. The full project can be found on Farsight's Streaming Service: http://farsightprime.com Farsight's Web Site: http://farsight.org Subscribe to Farsight YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/c/Farsight?sub_confirmation=1 Subscribe to Farsight's FREE newsletter: https://farsight.org/newslettersignup.html Subscribe to Farsight's Rumble Channel: https://rumble.com/c/Farsight Record your own UAP/UFO videos: https://farsight.org/FarsightPress/Photographing_UFOs.html For courses in Scientific Remote Viewing: https://farsight.org/SRV/SRVCourses.html Deep News: https://www.farsightprime.com/deep-news FARSIGHT'S DEEP NEWS https://www.farsightprime.com/deep-news Remote Viewing: The Science and Theory of Nonphysical Perception Kindle: https://www.amazon.com/Remote-Viewing-Science-Nonphysical-Perception-ebook/dp/B0BH5CGN8Q Paperback: https://www.amazon.com/Remote-Viewing-Science-Nonphysical-Perception/dp/0976676214 TikTok: FarsightPrime TWITTER (X): @farsightprime Instagram: @courtneybrownfarsight (Courtney Brown's IG page with UFO videos and stills taken with Farsight's own cameras, behind the scenes content, and much more. We are expanding this to be the main IG page that is updated continually.), @farsightprime (shorts and remote viewing content), and @farsightinstitute (projects page)

From Dark Journalist

03:41-27:50 Courtesy of WebTalkRadio: https://webtalkradio.net/internet-talk-radio/2012/02/20/are-ufos-real-michael-schratt-and-the-19921993-ben-rich-lectures/ Please check out Michael Schratt's YT channel: @michaelschrattofficial THIS VIDEO IS FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE ONLY! FAIR USE PRINCIPLES UNDER SECTION 107 OF THE COPYRIGHT ACT. If you appreciate the content on my channel and would like to support me, please visit: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/eyesoncineW Thanks, EOC

Comedian & Popular Podcaster Kurt Metzger Talks MKUltra Mind Control, CIA Drug Dealing, The Jeffrey Epstein—P. Diddy Connection, The Origins Of The Term DOGE, & More In A Must-Watch Fast-Paced Interview With Alex Jones

***MUST SEE → This is Really Good. This is one of the BEST 911 Videos I have come across. 911 was a total PSYOP. Guess who was behind it? ISRAEL. Can read this on blog --> https://mrnavac.blogspot.com/2025/02/911-truth-dual-deception-fraudulent-war.html No Boeing Jet hit the Pentagon. Osama Bin Laden was not behind it at all. There were NO hijacked jets, they were Drones disguised as Jets. The towers didn’t fall because of a plane, they fell because there were explosives placed in the weeks prior. Tower 7 wasn’t even hit and barely was on fire and they said the fire made it fall down. Bullsh*t. And people are still watching the politicians hoping that they are good and will actually represent the people. NO. They are ACTORS. The official Government ended after Clinton, that’s why he said he was the last official president. One of the very few things he didn’t lie about. That is when the government became “Extra-Rogue.” It’s been one “False Flag” after another since. All powered by a massive engine, called the Media. What was the purpose of 911? To get Americans and the rest of the world to Support WAR. All while it was our own government and Israel behind a secret operation. Now, in 2025, there is another PSYOP going on in which Americans are to believe that the Hamas and the Palestinians are the evil ones attacking Israel. They are both at fault, it is a war that has been going on forever and who really knows who started it or how it started, but the fact is, Israeli’s abhor the Palestinians. It is Israel that is behind their OWN terror attacks just as the US was behind the 911 “terror” attacks. Israel wants the Palestinians out of Gaza for multiple reasons just as the USA wanted to blame Osama Bin Laden for the twin towers. Israel wants to use that land for resource development (natural gas and oil), real estate developments and of course the big bonus is to have the USA help get rid of their long time enemy. Trump is supporting “relocating” 2.23 Million People out of Gaza. He said that Israel will hand Gaza over to the USA after the Military Offensive. That means after the Genocide. They HATE Palestinians with a passion! Israel’s real plan might be to make sure the USA is supporting their cause, which is good “ethnic cleansing”, which is killing as many as they can before they can leave once their homes are destroyed. Their cause is genocide. They don’t want to just steal their homes and relocate, they want their homes destroyed and them GONE forever. They are now in the process of bombing the hell out of Gaza with bombs purchased from Boeing, USA and to make the land completely uninhabitable. They will be happy little campers (joos) when this is all over. Israel says that once the Military Offense “Genocide” is over, they will hand the land over to the USA. Do people believe Trump doesn’t know that Benjamin Netanyahu and his Mossad was behind 911? Just like he didn’t know that the experimental, non-test vaccines were not safe or effective. Trump is helping Israel implement what is called the “Yinon plan.” It is called this after Oded Yinon. A plan going back to the early 1980’s. The Yinon Plan represents “the accurate and detailed plan of the Israeli Zionist Regime Plan for the Middle East, which is based on the division of the whole area into small states and the dissolution of all Arab States.” It is all about how Israel will eventually run the New World Order from Jerusalem, which consisted of eliminating a lot of threats in the past 40 years. This Zionist plan began BEFORE Israel became a State back in 1948. Zionists will involve and use the US in its “Operations” intended to secure Jewish Objectives. The current “objective” – take the land of the Palestinians. All the Presidents since Bush Sr have been supporting Israel and creating false flags to help Israel. It’s not a war on terror, it’s a War of Terror. Terrorism is not a common cause of death but they create psychological operations of terrorist acts to instill fear so they can write and pass freedom revoking laws, like the Patriot Act. What makes people voluntarily relinquish inalienable rights? FEAR. What does FEAR mean? False Evidence Appearing Real – it is used in all false flag operations as a tool of deception. Fear is the opposite of Love and it is the lowest vibration one can feel. One is the most vulnerable when they are in a mental state of fear. It’s all bullsh*t and they have placed our great men and women of the military in harms way for their War, for their Benefit and it had / has NOTHING to do with Democracy. We might as well call our country the United States of Israel, because it is Israeli – American Dual Citizens who run this country. Take a look at Trump’s last cabinet. Hardcore Ashkenazi Zionists with no concern about American citizens. It gets much, much deeper. Israel is just the chosen puppet to be the “front-man” of the NWO. You have the Rothschild’s, Rockefeller’s and all the secret societies about 50 of them, with the top being the Vatican’s Order of the Jesuits. The best kept secret is the Hierarchy of the NWO. Whenever you hear the word Terrorism, you can bet the government is sponsoring it. There is an Agenda behind it. They create the plan to have their sponsored terror groups perform visible, believable, horrendous, murderous acts and then have the people, the masses become fearful of these groups and request help from the government who already had that solution, they were just waiting for us to ask for it. We must realize their game and stop giving them the home field advantage all the time. Take the game to our court. Trump said he was handing over the power from Washington D.C. to the people. I think “the people” are his Billionaire friends from Israel. Ehud Olmert, mayor of Jerusalem and deputy prime minister, was with mayor Giuliani and Senator John McCain at the Emergency Operations Center in New York on September 21, 2001. Ehud Olmert was in NYC September 10th and 11th, but his visit was kept secret. WHY?? Ehud Barak, another Israeli Minister, was on BBC in the London Studio on September 11, 2001 before the towers fell and said that the world will never be the same from today on, he said this is the work of Osam Bin Laden. We know that Bin Laden is in Afganistan. He said “it’s time to launch an Operational Concrete War Against Terror.” Hmmm. What happened next? The USA did exactly that. Ehud Barak was Benjamin Netanyahu’s Commander in the Sayeret Matkal – an Independent Commando Force of the Israeli Military Intelligence. Since when does 3 Jets hit 3 separate buildings and not one shred of evidence of any of those jets, but they discovered a charred passport. Guess who that charred passport belonged to? One of the hijackers. You drinking that Kool-Aid? Do you remember how they played everyone. If we had an honest media, don’t ya think they would question this. “Uhhhh, so you found a passport in which you were able to read, but there not one fragment of the jet?” Huh? People should have woke up then, but better now than never and many still are in that brainwashed coma. What’s even worse is people don’t care? This was our own government committing heinous crimes and nobody cares. Big Pharma is constantly found guilty in courts of committing heinous crimes and people still roll up their sleeves for more and more vaccines. Are the people of the USA under some type of Black Magic Spell? This was an Israeli and US Gov operation on our own people. June 8, 1967 – The Israeli Air Force bombed the USS Liberty Navy Ship and when the men were putting out lifeboats, they shot those with machine guns. They knew it was an American ship as communications between Air Force and Tel Aviv proved that they identified the ship as American and ordered it to be sunk. When Israel wants something done, they can be ruthless. The War on Terror is an Israeli stratagem that was pushed by Netanyahu since 1979 to bring the U.S. Military into the Middle East to use OUR Military, sacrifice our men, on behalf of the Zionist state. ALL the wars in the Middle East are an Israeli Operation. Doesn’t make our military Israeli’s little b*tch? In Benjamin Netanyahu’s books3 & 4 he says that Islamic terrorists are attacking Israel because Israel is part of the WEST and therefore, the West has to join in this war because the West is the REAL Target. It’s all complete bullsh*t, even his books are psyop, propaganda, brainwashing lies. Benjamin Netanyahu uses the word “Terrorist” to delegitimize Palestinian resistance to Israeli Occupation. If someone comes to your home and wants to take it as their own, don’t you have the right to resist? If a country invades the USA, don’t we have the right to resist? Now Trump is helping Netanyahu take their homes away. It’s much worse than that though, they don’t just want their homes, they want to kill them ALL, including women and the children who call little snakes. It all comes back to the word “Terrorist” because that is how most of the False Flag Operations are founded on. “We have to protect our country because of terrorists.” All that b.s. Most of the “Terrorist Groups” were mutually create by the Israel and the USA to get the people behind supporting WAR so they can use our “Loved Ones” – our soldiers to murder the ones they label terrorists. Now Trump signed an EO to form a Task Force to root out Antisemitism. Yes, let’s support the ones who use our military and don’t give a damn about Christians. They use our men and women of the military like they are disposable diapers. That’s really what they think of America. They believe Talmudic Law which says it is RIGHTEOUS to murder Gentiles. These are a group of people with hate in their hearts. Palestinians have no Army, no Air Force, and no Navy. That’s why you see the little children throwing rocks at the Israeli tanks. What do you think they do to the children? What was the Ultimate Purpose of 911? It was to start the WAR ON TERROR. Or as mentioned, the Terror of War. It was an Israeli plan to dupe the American People to support their “Terror of War.” Benjamin Netanyahu said the 911 terror attacks are good for Israel – “We are benefiting from one thing, and that is the attack on the Twin Towers and Pentagon, and the American struggle in Iraq.” -- Benjamin Netanyahu, April 16, 2008. Netanyahu and Larry Silverman, the one who leased the Twin Towers, spoke every single Sunday afternoon. Silverman had 99 year leases on the twin towers and owned building 7, the one that just magically collapsed that same day. The land beneath the towers was owned by The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, a quasi-governmental agency. How did Larry Silverman become the one to lease these the twin towers? Ronald S. Lauder, President of the World Jewish Congress, was director of Governor Pataki’s Privatization scheme. He was the one that decided to “Privatize” the world trade center. Then it went to Lew Eisenberg, Republican Jewish Coalition Board Member and he was the Chairman of the Board of the Port Authority of New Yok & New Jersey. Once Eisenberg privatized the buildings, he leased them to Silverman. Both Lew Eisenberg and Larry Silverman held Senior positions with the UJA Federation of NY– a Zionist Jewish Federation (United Jewish Appeal) and largest local “philanthropy” in the world. It is ONLY for Jews. An organization that helps fellow Jews. I think it’s just like mafia crime mafia organization, where the “families” help each other take care of “business.” They raise funds for Israeli causes. Larry Silverman did not have enough money when he went to lease the buildings so he borrowed $100 million from GMAC. It was a General Motors bank that ended up going bankrupt in 2008. On July 24th, 2001 – Larry Silverman said: “I am proud to assume the Stewardship of the World Trade Center, one of New York’s greatest Jewels.” Less than 12 weeks later the towers were completely destroyed to dust and steel. The WAR on TERROR: Sources: 1. Cornuti Contenti -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opu_-S1yPPs 2. “A Strategy for Israel in the Nineteen Eighties” by Oded Yinon -- https://ia803102.us.archive.org/18/items/astrategyforisraelinthenineteeneighties/A%20Strategy%20for%20Israel%20in%20the%20Nineteen%20Eighties.pdf 3. Terrorism – How the West Can Win – Benjamin Netanyahu -- https://annas-archive.org/md5/c4ade9f5f3d32bd3c6491438649eabeb 4. Fighting Terrorism - How Democracies Can Defeat Domestic and International Terrorists -- Benjamin Netanyahu -- https://annas-archive.org/md5/453602df935b79e9ccf29d665c2eeef1 5. Justice Department Announces Formation of Task Force to Combat Anti-Semitism -- Monday, February 3, 2025 -- https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-formation-task-force-combat-anti-semitism 6. Netanyahu Reported to Say Legal System is Based on the Talmud – Marissa Newman – May 8, 2014 – https://timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-reported-to-say-legal-system-based-on-Talmud 7. Netanyahu gives Trump ‘golden pager’ in apparent reference to Lebanon attack -- https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/06/netanyahu-trump-golden-pager-lebanon-hezbollah-attack 8. ICC issues arrest warrant for Benjamin Netanyahu for alleged Gaza war crimes -- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/21/icc-issues-arrest-warrant-for-benjamin-netanyahu-israel 9. Solving 9-11 – The Deception that Changed the World – Christopher Bollyn -- https://annas-archive.org/md5/1d782f55d30dd19ad93399e35fb1e9f1 ________________________________________________________________ Healthy Food Affordable Price! **Where Can You Buy HEALTHY Organic Non-GMO Groceries without the “Added” Toxins? **Food that is actually good for your body? • certified organic • non-GMO • no refined sugar • no artificial colors • no artificial flavors • no artificial preservatives • no artificial sweeteners • no bleached flour • no fluoride • no MSG • no artificial nitrites/nitrates • no pork This store is a one-stop shop for so many things... and you get to shop from the comfort of your own home! ✅ Organic ✅ Affordable ✅ Farm Direct ✅ Non GMO ✅ Earth Friendly ✅ Delicious https://www.azurestandard.com/shop/category?a_aid=99da6b866f HAPPY SHOPPING!!! ________________________________________________________________________________ PROTECT YOURSELF: Protect yourself, your children and loved ones from the harmful EMF from the newly installed 5G Towers. We are constantly being Bombarded by Harmful Radiation, being hit from all directions, every single day. Up to 75% OFF! Hope & Tivon’s EMF Protection Products: https://www.ftwproject.com/our-special-offers/ref/528/ Check out the Special Offers on all the EMF PROTECTION Products – including: 1. Phone & Laptop Shields 2. Pyramids 3. Sleeping Pods 4. Charge Plates 5. GardenSets 6. Shungite Tiles 7. Pendants. ***PLEASE FOLLOW My BLOG → https://mrnavac.blogspot.com/ END. 2/23/2025 6:00 PM *******************************************************

Guest: Michai Morin, CEO of Coeus Institute, Data Analyst, Author & Public Speaker Buy Me A Coffee (Support Project Unity) https://buymeacoffee.com/projectunity Gain Early Access to Content & Our Private Discord Server https://www.patreon.com/ProjectUnity Support us with a donation through PayPal https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/ProjectUnityPay Follow Michai Morin on X https://x.com/MichaiMorin Visit Coeus Institute https://coeus.institute Follow us on X https://twitter.com/TheProjectUnity Contact Jay Jay.Unity@Protonmail.com

Guest: Richard Gage, International speaker, 30-year architect, member of the American Institute of Architects, and the founder and former CEO Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth. RichardGage911.org Host: Jay Anderson, Founder & Curator, Project Unity Buy Me A Coffee (Support Project Unity) https://buymeacoffee.com/projectunity Gain Early Access to Content & Our Private Discord Server https://www.patreon.com/ProjectUnity Support us with a donation through PayPal https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/ProjectUnityPay Check out Project Unity Merchandise https://projectunity.myspreadshop.com Follow us on X https://twitter.com/TheProjectUnity Contact Jay Jay.Unity@Protonmail.com

Why does it appear that this Black Hawk was trying to get in the pathway of every single jet it came across? Just asking. The MATRIX System – is the core of the ALIAS – Aircrew Labor In-Cockpit Autonomous System Project. It allows the helicopter to receive mission commands remotely and carry them out autonomously. Were GPS coordinates manipulated to meet at exactly the same time? The Black Hawk had plenty of time to change direction, but flew right at and into the jet. Was this being remote controlled? Sources: 1. Gayle Alleluia Herron -- https://www.facebook.com/reel/885737923497137 2. The Epoch Times -- https://www.facebook.com/reel/1284837105903685 ________________________________________________________________ Healthy Food – At an Affordable Price! **Where Can You Buy HEALTHY Organic Non-GMO Groceries without the “Added” Toxins? **Food that is actually good for your body? • certified organic • non-GMO • no refined sugar • no artificial colors • no artificial flavors • no artificial preservatives • no artificial sweeteners • no bleached flour • no fluoride • no MSG • no artificial nitrites/nitrates • no pork This store is a one-stop shop for so many things... and you get to shop from the comfort of your own home! ✅ Organic ✅ Affordable ✅ Farm Direct ✅ Non GMO ✅ Earth Friendly ✅ Delicious https://www.azurestandard.com/shop/category?a_aid=99da6b866f HAPPY SHOPPING!!! ________________________________________________________________________________ PROTECT YOURSELF: Protect yourself, your children and loved ones from the harmful EMF from the newly installed 5G Towers. We are constantly being Bombarded by Harmful Radiation, being hit from all directions, every single day. Up to 75% OFF! Hope & Tivon’s EMF Protection Products: https://www.ftwproject.com/our-special-offers/ref/528/ Check out the Special Offers on all the EMF PROTECTION Products – including: 1. Phone & Laptop Shields 2. Pyramids 3. Sleeping Pods 4. Charge Plates 5. GardenSets 6. Shungite Tiles 7. Pendants. ***PLEASE FOLLOW My BLOG → https://mrnavac.blogspot.com/ END. 2/4/2025 9:00 PM *******************************************************

America’s proxy war with Russia isn’t anything new. It’s been decades in the making. Oliver Stone and Peter Kuznick explain what nuclear war would actually look like. Follow Tucker on X: https://x.com/TuckerCarlson Watch "All the President's Men: The Conspiracy Against Trump" here: https://tuckercarlson.com/all-the-presidents-men Paid partnerships with: Hillsdale College: Take a free online course today at https://TuckerforHillsdale.com Eight Sleep: Get $350 off the Pod 4 Ultra at https://EightSleep.com/Tucker #TuckerCarlson #OliverStone #PeterKuznick #DonaldTrump #history #Russia #NATO #war #Ukraine #nuclearwar #documentary #Democrat #news #politics Chapters: 0:00 How Close Are We to Nuclear War? 12:08 Why Don’t We Know All the Details of 9/11? 25:23 The Nuclear War Chain Reaction 33:29 Warcrimes in Serbia? 37:05 Why Hollywood Exiled Oliver Stone 40:33 The Economic War Between the US and Russia 50:11 Is There Hope for Hollywood? 57:37 The Rapid Advance of Nuclear Weapon Technology 1:12:02 The Shadowy Acts of NATO 1:17:07 The Origins of War Profiteering 1:26:01 How the Democrat Party Became the Party of War 1:32:50 How History Is Rewritten

Our Country Our Choice: January is Human Trafficking Awareness Month in the United States. Juliette Engel and Cathy O'Brien share their experiences in MKUltra and discuss the dangers of child trafficking facing America today. Cathy's links: https://www.trance-formation.com https://tranceformationofamerica.locals.com/ TRANCE.movie Juliette's links: https://www.JulietteEngel.com https://www.OurCountryOurChildren.com https://Republic.us/angels

The Seventh Experiment: The Truth of our Creation In December 1999, Sweden's most notorious UFO skeptic sat down for an interview that would challenge everything he believed. Ole K. had spent his career exposing hoaxes and debunking paranormal claims. The being who called herself Lacerta revealed an underground civilization that had existed alongside humanity for millions of years. She explained humanity's true origins as a series of genetic experiments and warned of the imminent return of our creators. From the mysteries of Derinkuyu to the truth about the dinosaurs' extinction, this story connects ancient mysteries to modern questions about human consciousness and evolution. #LacertaFiles #UndergroundEmpire #HiddenHistory

Is our deep state sitting on free energy. The idea that we could travel instantaneously to different parts of the world for free. Could we heat our homes, run all of our devices on free energy?

A baby mammoth has been uncovered from deep in the permafrost of Yakutia, Russia. ‘Yana’ is only the sixth mammoth to ever be discovered, and is thought to be by far the most well-preserved.

Join Clint Russell on Liberty Lockdown as he dives into an electrifying conversation with Ashton Forbes. Together, they explore groundbreaking topics, including the mysteries of zero-point energy and the truth behind the New Jersey drone phenomenon. Prepare for an eye-opening discussion as they unravel these controversial subjects, challenge mainstream narratives, and push the boundaries of science and technology. Follow Ashton here: https://x.com/JustXAshton Follow Clint here: https://x.com/LibertyLockPod 🔔 Don’t forget to like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell to stay updated on all things Liberty Lockdown! 📢 Share your thoughts in the comments — we want to hear what you think! Check out my show over on Fountain: https://www.fountain.fm/show/nUTYcMtl4yMuoKHljZWu Become a supporting member of Liberty Lockdown here!: https://libertylockdown.locals.com/ This is where I do monthly AMA's for supporting members only Super valuable stuff! Twitter: https://twitter.com/LibertyLockPod Pickup LL shirts over at https://www.toplobsta.com/products/ll-lakers?_pos=5&_sid=e7319ba4a&_ss=r&variant=40668064186434 NEW DESIGNS JUST DROPPED All links: https://www.libertylockdownpodcast.com/ Linktree: https://linktr.ee/libertylockdown As always, if you leave a five star review on Apple Podcasts with your social media handle I'll read it on next weeks show (audio version only)! Love you long time Liberty Lockdown presents a variety of opinions, sometimes opposing and controversial. They are not representative of the host of the podcast. Guests are encouraged to express their opinions in a safe and equitable environment.

DARK JOURNALIST DANIEL LISZT PRESENTS JFK THE FINAL SPEECH: UFO FILE ANTARCTICA DEEP AEROSPACE LLOYD BERKNER SECRET CHANGES HISTORY! *SPECIAL BREAKTHROUGH DOCUMENTARY PRESENTATION PREMIERE FRIDAY NIGHT NOVEMBER 22, 2024, 8:00PM EST* WATCH HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrQQZiTniFo HISTORY WILL NEVER BE THE SAME AFTER THIS When President John F. Kennedy was assassinated 61 years ago on November 22, 1963 he was on his way to the Dallas Trade Mart to give a speech with staggering implications with UFO File physicist Lloyd Berkner. Through deep research Dark Journalist Daniel Liszt has uncovered what JFK was planning to proclaim in his Final Speech which was never delivered because forces in Deep Aerospace stopped it. Dark Journalist reveals amazing details of the speech including the fact that JFK had the flag from the White House flown in by Military Helicopter to hand to Lloyd Berkner during this mystery announcement about Space... DEEP AEROSPACE: LLOYD VIEL BERKNER AND THE UFO FILE Berkner had previously led the Robertson UFO Panel and was an architect of Kennedy's Space Policy. He spent 2 years in Antarctica with Admiral Richard Byrd setting up Little America Radio Transmissions and was a key member of the X-Technology group that controlled the UFO File. 61 years after the JFK Assassination, the revelation of Berkner's scheduled speech with the President at the Dallas Trade Mart provides the groundbreaking key to the ultimate cover-up! SUPPORT DARK JOURNALIST NOW! We are 100 Percent Independent and Supported by Viewers like YOU! You can make sure this important work continues by subscribing to Dark Journalist here: https://DarkJournalist.com/s-subscribe.php JOIN US ONLINE: Twitter: https://x.com/darkjournalist Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DarkJournalist/

Become a Premium Member: https://www.jimmydore.com/premium-membership Go to a Live Show: https://www.jimmydore.com/tour Subscribe to Our Newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/jimmydorecomedy/ytlivestreams LIVESTREAM & LIVE SHOW ANNOUNCEMENTS: Email: https://mailchi.mp/jimmydorecomedy/ytlivestreams Twitter: https://twitter.com/jimmy_dore Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/JimmyDoreShow Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thejimmydoreshow JOIN US ON LOCALS: jimmydore.locals.com WATCH / LISTEN FREE: Videos: https://www.jimmydore.com Podcasts: https://www.jimmydore.com (Also available on iTunes, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, or your favorite podcast player.) ACCESS TO FULL REPLAYABLE LIVESTREAMS: Become a Premium Member: https://www.jimmydore.com/premium-membership SUPPORT THE JIMMY DORE SHOW: Make a Donation: https://www.jimmydore.com/ Buy Official Merch (Tees, Sweatshirts, Hats, Bags): https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-jimmy-dore-show?ref_id=28416 Jimmy Dore on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Jimmy_Dore Stef Zamorano on Twitter: https://twitter.com/miserablelib About The Jimmy Dore Show: #TheJimmyDoreShow is a hilarious and irreverent take on news, politics and culture featuring Jimmy Dore, a professional stand up comedian, author and podcaster. The show is also broadcast on Pacifica Radio Network stations throughout the country.

Infowars Weather Wars Documentary: Alex Jones Breaks Down The History and Shows Government Documents Plus Testimony Proving That Mad Scientists Are Controlling The Weather To Target The World’s Populations

Watch the full interview here - https://rumble.com/v5fgmq1-the-reveal-the-truth-is-unstoppable-new-david-icke-interview.html?e9s=src_v1_ucp Video sponsor - https://www.quantumhypno.co.uk The Reveal - The Next Stage Of Human Awareness - OUT NOW on paperback, e-book, and audiobook - https://shop.davidicke.com Sign up to the brand new Ickonic Media Platform at - https://www.ickonic.com All David's Books Now Available Here https://shop.davidicke.com Latest News From David Icke - www.davidicke.com Social Media https://www.twitter.com/davidicke https://www.gettr.com/user/RealDavidIcke http://t.me/davidickeofficial https://www.minds.com/davidickeofficiall https://parler.com/davidicke

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A deep state[1] is a type of government made up of potentially secret and unauthorized networks of power operating independently of a state's political leadership in pursuit of their own agenda and goals. In popular usage, the term carries overwhelmingly negative connotations and is often associated with conspiracy theories.[2] During the presidency of Donald Trump, the term "deep state" has been primarily used in the United States to describe the "permanent government" of entrenched career bureaucrats or civil servants acting in accordance with the mandates of their agencies and congressional statutes when seen as in conflict with the administration.[3] Etymology and historical usage "Deep state" is a calque of the Turkish word derin devlet (lit. 'deep state'). The modern concept of a deep state is associated with Turkey, a presumed secret network of military officers and their civilian allies trying to preserve the secular order based on the ideas of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from 1923.[4] There are also opinions that the deep state in Turkey and "Counter-Guerrilla" was established in the Cold War era as a part of Gladio Organization to sway Turkey more into NATO against the threat of the expansion of Soviet communism.[5] Popular understanding After the 2016 United States presidential election, deep state became much more widely used as a pejorative term with an overwhelmingly negative definition by both the Donald Trump administration and conservative-leaning media outlets.[6][7] Cases Chechnya According to the journalist Julia Ioffe, the Russian Republic of Chechnya, under the leadership of Ramzan Kadyrov, had become a state within a state by 2015.[8] Egypt In 2013, author Abdul-Azim Ahmed wrote the deep state was being used to refer to Egyptian military/security networks, particularly the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces after the 2011 Egyptian revolution. They are "non-democratic leaders within a country" whose power is "independent of any political changes that take place". They are "often hidden beneath layers of bureaucracy" and may not be "in complete control at all times" but have "tangible control of key resources (whether human or financial)". He also wrote: "The 'deep state' is beginning to become short hand for the embedded anti-democratic power structures within a government, something very few democracies can claim to be free from."[9] Germany In Germany, the Reichsbürger movement is seen as a significant internal threat analogous to the concept of a deep state. This movement consists of far-right extremists who reject the legitimacy of the Federal Republic of Germany, asserting that the German Reich, which existed prior to 1945, continues to exist. Members of this movement refuse to pay taxes, issue their own identification documents, and often engage in pseudo-legal tactics to assert their views. In December 2022, German authorities foiled a coup plot orchestrated by a group influenced by the Reichsbürger movement and QAnon conspiracy theories. The conspirators aimed to overthrow the German government and install a new regime led by Prince Heinrich XIII, a minor aristocrat. The plot involved recruiting former military personnel and stockpiling weapons, intending to use force to achieve their goals.The group had mapped out a new government structure and appointed individuals to cabinet-like roles in anticipation of their success. They sought to cooperate with Russia, though there is no evidence that Russia supported or responded positively to their overtures.[10] Iran In Iran, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) is often considered a significant deep state entity due to its substantial economic, political, and military power. The IRGC operates with considerable autonomy from the elected government and has been involved in various covert operations and influence campaigns. This includes control over significant economic sectors, involvement in foreign military activities, and influence over domestic policy decisions. The IRGC's pervasive influence is seen as a central component of Iran's deep state, shaping both internal and external politics in alignment with its agenda.[11][12][13] Israel In May 2020, an article in Haaretz describes how people meeting Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu "have heard lengthy speeches [...] that even though he has been elected repeatedly, in reality, the country is controlled by a 'deep state.'"[14] Italy The most famous case is Propaganda Due.[15] Propaganda Due (better known as P2) was a Masonic lodge belonging to the Grand Orient of Italy (GOI). It was founded in 1877 with the name of Masonic Propaganda,[16] in the period of its management by the entrepreneur Licio Gelli it assumed deviated forms with respect to the statutes of the Freemasonry and became subversive towards the Italian legal order. The P2 was suspended by the GOI on 26 July 1976; subsequently, the parliamentary commission of inquiry into the P2 Masonic lodge under the presidency of Minister Tina Anselmi concluded the P2 case by denouncing the lodge as a real "criminal organization"[17] and "subversive". It was dissolved with a special law, the n. 17 of 25 January 1982. Japan Japan's "deep state" can be traced back to pre-World War II times, with the Imperial Japanese Army and the Kwantung Army wielding significant influence over the state. Post-war, elements of this influence continued through organized crime groups like the Yakuza, which have maintained a shadowy presence in Japan's political and economic spheres.[18][19] Middle East Robert Worth argues deep state is "just as apt" for networks in many states in the Middle East where governments have colluded with smugglers and jihadis (Syria), jihadi veterans of the Soviet–Afghan War (Yemen), and other criminals working as irregular forces (Egypt and Algeria).[20] In his book From Deep State to Islamic State, he describes a hard core of regimes in Syria, Egypt, and Yemen that staged successful counter-revolutions against the Arab Spring in those countries, comparing them with the Mamluks of Egypt and the Levant 1250–1517 in that they proclaim themselves servants of the putative rulers while actually ruling themselves.[21] Pakistan Main article: The Establishment (Pakistan) Since independence, the Pakistan Armed Forces have always had a huge influence in the country's politics.[22] In addition to the decades of direct rule by the military government, the military also has many constraints on the power of the elected prime ministers, and also has been accused of being a deep state.[23][24][25] The Pakistani army is often referred to as "The Establishment" due to its deep involvement in the country's decision-making processes.[26] Turkey Main article: Deep state in Turkey According to the Journalist Robert F. Worth, "The expression 'deep state' had originated in Turkey in the 1990s, where the military colluded with drug traffickers and hit men to wage a dirty war against Kurdish insurgents".[20] Professor Ryan Gingeras wrote that the Turkish term derin devlet "colloquially speaking" refers to "'criminal' or 'rogue' element that have somehow muscled their way into power".[27] The journalist Dexter Filkins wrote of a "presumed clandestine network" of Turkish "military officers and their civilian allies" who, for decades, "suppressed and sometimes murdered dissidents, Communists, reporters, Islamists, Christian missionaries, and members of minority groups—anyone thought to pose a threat to the secular order".[28] Journalist Hugh Roberts has described the "shady nexus" between the police and intelligence services, "certain politicians and organised crime", whose members believe they are authorised "to get up to all sorts of unavowable things" because they are "custodians of the higher interests of the nation".[21] United Kingdom The Civil Service has been called a deep state by senior politicians. In 2018, Steve Hilton, then advisor to David Cameron, claimed Tony Blair had said: "You cannot underestimate how much they believe it's their job to actually run the country and to resist the changes put forward by people they dismiss as 'here today, gone tomorrow' politicians. They genuinely see themselves as the true guardians of the national interest, and think that their job is simply to wear you down and wait you out."[29] The British comedy series Yes Minister paints the conflict of the civil servant and the politician in charge in a humoristic way. In February 2024, former Conservative Prime Minister Liz Truss claimed that she was forced out of office by the 'deep state' during an appearance at that year's Conservative Political Action Conference in the US. This statement was criticised within her own party and by the opposition, with both Labour Party Shadow Paymaster General Jonathan Ashworth and the Liberal Democrats Deputy Leader Daisy Cooper referring to it as a "conspiracy theory".[30][31] United States Main article: Deep state in the United States Since at least 1963, the deep state has been used to describe "a hybrid association of government elements and parts of top-level industry and finance that is effectively able to govern the United States without reference to the consent of the governed as expressed through the formal political process."[32] Intelligence agencies such as the CIA have been accused by elements of the Donald Trump administration of attempting to thwart its policy goals.[33] Writing for The New York Times, the analyst Issandr El Amani warned against the "growing discord between a president and his bureaucratic rank-and-file", while analysts of the column The Interpreter wrote:[33] Though the deep state is sometimes discussed as a shadowy conspiracy, it helps to think of it instead as a political conflict between a nation's leader and its governing institutions. — Amanda Taub and Max Fisher, The Interpreter According to the political commentator David Gergen, quoted by Time in early 2017, the term has been appropriated by Steve Bannon, Breitbart News, and other supporters of the Trump Administration in order to delegitimize critics of the Trump presidency.[34] In February 2017, the deep state theory was dismissed by authors for The New York Times,[33] as well as The New York Observer.[35] In October 2019 The New York Times gave credence to the general idea by publishing an opinion piece arguing that the deep state in the Civil Service was created to "battle people like Trump".[36] Scholars have generally disputed the notion that the U.S. Executive Branch bureaucracy represents a true deep state as the term is formally understood but have taken a range of views on the role of that bureaucracy in constraining or empowering the U.S. president.[37] Venezuela Further information: Cartel of the Suns See also: State protector The Cartel of the Suns, a group of high-ranking officials within the Bolivarian government of Venezuela, has been described as "a series of often competing networks buried deep within the Chavista regime". Following the Bolivarian Revolution, the Bolivarian government initially embezzled until there were no more funds to embezzle, which required them to turn to drug trafficking. President Hugo Chávez made partnerships with the Colombian leftist militia Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and his successor Nicolás Maduro continued the process, promoting officials to high-ranking positions after they were accused of drug trafficking.[38] Other alleged cases Imperial Brazil's Diretório Monárquico do Brasil and Black Guard[39] Imperial Japan's Army, Kwantung Army and the post-war Yakuza[40][41] India's Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh[42][43] Indonesia's Kopassus[44][45][46] Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps[47] Kingdom of Serbia's Black Hand[48] Morocco's Makhzen[49][50] Netherlands’ Student Societies[51] Pakistan's Intelligence Community: ISI, FIA, NAB, and/or IB[52][53] Serbia and Montenegro's RDB[54] Spain's Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación, "Antiterrorist Liberation Groups"[55] Thailand's Military-Monarchy Nexus or Network Monarchy[56] United Kingdom's City of London Corporation[57] See also Cabal Counterintelligence state Deep state in the United States Dual power Éminence grise Fifth column Figurehead Fourth branch of government Illiberal democracy Kingmaker Military coup Military dictatorship Military–industrial complex Parallel state Political machine Power behind the throne Proto-state Puppet government Shadow government (conspiracy theory) Smoke-filled room References (calque of Turkish: derin devlet) "deep state". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Byford, Jovan (2011). Conspiracy theories: a critical introduction. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780230349216. OCLC 802867724. Rebecca Ingber, "The 'Deep State' Myth and the Real Executive Branch Bureaucracy"; Rebecca Ingber, Bureaucratic Resistance and the Deep State Myth Filkins, Dexter (12 March 2012). "The Deep State" (PDF). The New Yorker. Retrieved 31 December 2018. ""Kontrgerilla", "Gladio", "Derin Devlet" gibi kavramlar hakkında" (Press release) (in Turkish). Turkish Armed Forces. 2006-01-16. BA-01/06. Archived from the original on 2008-03-08. Michaels, Jon D. (March 2018). "The American Deep State". Notre Dame Law Review. 93 (4): 1653–1670 – via HeinOnline. Skowronek, Stephen; Dearborn, John A. & King, Desmond (2021). Phantoms of a Beleaguered Republic: The Deep State and the Unitary Executive. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-754308-5. Julia Ioffe (24 July 2015). "Putin Is Down With Polygamy". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 28 January 2016. Abdul-Azim Ahmed. "What is the Deep State? | On Religion – The UK's first magazine about faith, religion and society". onreligion.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2014-09-14. "Germany says it foiled a far-right coup plot. Here's what we know". opb. Retrieved 2024-07-27. "Iran's Revolutionary Guards | Council on Foreign Relations". www.cfr.org. Retrieved 2024-07-27. "Moving to a post-Khamenei era: The role of the IRGC and the clergy". Middle East Institute. Retrieved 2024-07-27. "What's Next for Iran After Raisi's Death?". United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved 2024-07-27. "Netanyahu: 'Deep State' Controls Israel, There's No Democracy Here". www.haaretz.com. Retrieved 11 November 2020. "BBC on this day – 26 – 1981: Italy in crisis as cabinet resigns". 1981-05-26. Retrieved 9 April 2017. Dino P. Arrigo, Fratelli d'Italia. Cronache, storie, riti e personaggi (per capire la Massoneria), Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino, 1994, p. 45. Willan, Puppetmasters, p. 50. Siniawer, Eiko Maruko (2012). "Befitting Bedfellows: Yakuza and the State in Modern Japan". Journal of Social History. 45 (3): 623–641. ISSN 0022-4529. "The Last Yakuza: Life and Death in the Japanese Underworld by Jake Adelstein". www.publishersweekly.com. July 27, 2023. Retrieved 2024-07-27. Worth, Robert F. (2016). A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS. Pan Macmillan. pp. 82, 139. ISBN 9780374710712. Retrieved 31 July 2016. Roberts, Hugh (16 July 2015). "The Hijackers [book review]". London Review of Books. 37 (14). Retrieved 7 August 2016. "'Allah, army and America': How Pakistan's Khan played anti-U.S. card". Nikkei Asia. "The shadow of the deep state". DAWN.COM. 24 May 2022. "Understanding Pakistan's 'deep state' and its threat to world". www.indiasentinels.com. Retrieved 21 November 2021. Husain Haqqani. "Deep State, Deeper Problems: Pakistan". Hudson Institute. Retrieved 11 July 2018. Jaffrelot, Christophe (2015). The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience. Oxford University Press. p. 586. ISBN 978-0-19-023518-5. "The civil-military establishment ruled Supreme for 60 years - from 1947 to 2007 - by crushing or betraying social movements and preventing the development of society." Gingeras, Ryan (Summer 2011). "In the Hunt for the "Sultans of Smack:" Dope, Gangsters and the Construction of the Turkish Deep State". Middle East Journal. 65 (3): 427. doi:10.3751/65.3.14. JSTOR 23012173. PMID 22081838. S2CID 36893626. Filkins, Dexter (12 March 2012). "Letter from Turkey. The Deep State". New Yorker. Retrieved 7 August 2016. Khan, Shehab (6 February 2018). "David Cameron's former director of strategy says Tony Blair warned him about a 'deep state' conspiracy". The Independent. Retrieved 26 April 2018. Mason, Rowena (23 February 2024). "Sunak urged to act against Truss for spreading rightwing conspiracy theories". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024. "Liz Truss questioned on 'deep state' comments". BBC News. Retrieved 2024-03-28. "State Within a State?". The New York Times. 1963-10-06. p. 194. Archived from the original on 2019-10-22. Retrieved 2019-10-23. "Is the Central Intelligence Agency a state within a state?" Alt URL Priest, Dana; Arkin, William M. (2011). Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0316182218. John Tirman (September 8, 2013). "The Quiet Coup: No, Not Egypt. Here". The Blog. The Huffington Post. Ambinder, Marc; Grady, D.B. (2013). Deep State: Inside the Government Secrecy Industry. Wiley. ISBN 978-1118146682. Peggy Noonan (October 28, 2013). "The Deep State". The Wall Street Journal. Jordan Michael Smith (October 19, 2014). "Vote all you want. The secret government won't change". The Boston Globe. Scott, Peter Dale (March 10, 2014). "The State, the Deep State, and the Wall Street Overworld". The Asia-Pacific Journal. 12 (10, No. 5). Scott, Peter Dale (2014). The American Deep State: Wall Street, Big Oil, and the Attack on U.S. Democracy. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1442214255. Michael J. Glennon (2014). "National Security and Double Government" (PDF). Harvard National Security Journal. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-01. Retrieved 2016-01-12. Bob Burnett (March 7, 2014). "The War on Democracy: The Deep State". Huffington Post. Geoff Dyer (December 10, 2014). "CIA report is a strike back against America's deep state". The Financial Times. Lofgren, Mike (2014-02-21). "Essay: Anatomy of the Deep State". BillMoyers.com. Retrieved 2018-11-15. Anand Giridharadas (September 15, 2015). "Examining Who Runs the United States". The New York Times. Jessop, Bob (2015). The State: Past, Present, Future. John Wiley & Sons. p. 224. Lofgren, Mike (2016). The Deep State: The Fall of the Constitution and the Rise of a Shadow Government. Viking. ISBN 978-0525428343. Elias Isiquith (January 5, 2016). "Controlled by shadow government: Mike Lofgren reveals how top U.S. officials are at the mercy of the 'deep state'". Salon. Taub, Amanda; Fisher, Max (February 16, 2017). "As Leaks Multiply, Fears of a 'Deep State' in America". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-11-15. Abramson, Alana (March 8, 2017). "President Trump's Allies Keep Talking About the 'Deep State'. What's That?". Time. "'This is a dark conspiratorial view that is being pushed by [top Trump strategist] Steve Bannon, his allies at Breitbart and some others in the conservative movement that is trying to delegitimize the opposition to Trump in many quarters and pass the blame to others,' said David Gergen." Schindler, John R. (February 22, 2017). "Rebellion Brews in Washington – But American 'Deep State' Is Only a Myth". The New York Observer. Retrieved June 13, 2018. O'Mara, Margaret (October 26, 2019). "The 'Deep State' Exists to Battle People Like Trump". The New York Times. Rebecca Ingber, Bureaucratic Resistance and the National Security State, at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3186259; Jack Goldsmith, The Deep State is Real, at https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/22/leaks-trump-deep-state-fbi-cia-michael-flynn Venezuela: A Mafia State?. Medellín, Colombia: InSight Crime. 2018. pp. 3–84. Archived copy Archived 13 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine "The Yakuza's Ties to the Japanese Right Wing". Vice Today. Grabianowski, Ed (19 July 2007). "Yakuza and Politics – How the Yakuza Works". howstuffworks. Latif Khan, Furkan (3 May 2019). "The Powerful Group Shaping The Rise Of Hindu Nationalism In India". National Public Radio. George, Varghese K. (13 June 2020). "The RSS and the making of the Deep Nation' review: The ambiguity of the RSS and its complex worldview". The Hindu. Indonesian Military May Threaten Political Unity, BP Gas Investment 19 April 2002 www.wsj.com, accessed 11 November 2020 Military spat a sign of things to come for bilateral relationship? 30 January 2017 indonesiaatmelbourne.unimelb.edu.au, accessed 11 November 2020 Tim Mawar promotions slammed by families 30 September 2020 www.thejakartapost.com, accessed 11 November 2020 "The Iranian Deep State: Understanding The Politics Of Transition In The Islamic Republic". Hoover Institution. Retrieved 2022-03-31. "Ex CIA director sees Serbs as masters of "deep state"". B92. 13 February 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2019. "They'll Get You No Matter What": Morocco's Playbook to Crush Dissent (Report). Human Rights Watch. 2022-07-28. Retrieved 2022-08-08. "In some respects, the term [Makhzen] could be analogous to "the deep state" as the term is applied to some segments of the governing authorities in other countries." Lamzouwaq, Saad Eddine (2013-10-13). "Morocco's New Government: "The Makhzen" is Running the Show". Morocco World News. Retrieved 2022-08-08. O’Leary, Naomi (2020-01-26). "Behind TV drama Ares is chilling reality of student fraternities". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 2024-07-23. Who Controls Pakistan's Powerful ISI?, Radio Free Europe, August 14, 2008 "Pakistan's shadowy secret service, the ISI". BBC News. 3 May 2011. Carla Del Ponte/Serge Brammertz (10 July 2008). "The Prosecutor vs. Jovica Stanišić & Franko Simatović - Third Amended Indictment" (PDF). International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Retrieved 28 December 2010. "Antiterrorist Liberation Groups Spanish paramilitary organization Alternative Titles: GAL, Grupos Antiteroristas de Liberación". Britannica. Retrieved 23 May 2021. Thailand's Deep State, Royal Power and the Constitutional Court 1997-2015 29 February 2016 www.tandfonline.com, accessed 11 November 2020 "The City: A state within a state". BBC News. 2011-11-04. 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Karl František Koecher (born 21 September 1934 in Bratislava) is a Czech mole known to have penetrated the CIA during the Cold War.[3] Early life Born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, his father was a Viennese-born Czech and his mother Irena, a Slovak Jew.[1] As the son of an Anglophile, Koecher gained his language skills from an early age attending an English grammar school and later French lyceum before the war.[1] Prior to his entry to university, his anti-state activities in his teen years attracted the attention of the Czechoslovakia State Security after the Communists took over in Czechoslovakia in 1948.[1] As remembered by some of his classmates, from early age he showed strong analytical capabilities, high intelligence and individualistic nature. Due to his unlikeable character, in later years, his former classmates would not invite him on annual class meetings.[3] He studied physics and mathematics at Charles University as well as film at the Academy of Performing Arts.[1] After university he tried a few jobs including a teacher, a reporter for state television, and a radio comedy writer.[1] He became a radio comedy writer and was allegedly frequently scrutinized by the Communist security forces for his satire that mocked the regime (this turned out to be a pre-planned "cover story").[citation needed] He joined the Communist Party in 1960,[4] and the Czechoslovak intelligence service in 1962 using the codename Pedro.[5][6] Czechoslovakia State Security (StB) career Koecher claimed that constant harassment from the Czechoslovakia State Security (StB) due to his history of anti-state and anti-social behavior, ruined his different careers and in order to end the harassment, he decided to join the StB. With the help of a friend within the StB and his language skills, he was recruited into the intelligence service.[1] Koecher's first two years were devoted to training and counter-intelligence work against West Germans in Prague.[1] Koecher was selected to become a mole in the West working with the first directorate in the Stb because of his English language skills.[7] Immigration to the United States In 1965 he and his wife, Hana Koecher (the daughter of a Communist Party official),[8] seemingly emigrated to the United States via Austria posing as defecting dissidents.[9][1] His language skills and status as a defector aided Koecher in gaining employment at Radio Free Europe and a year long fellowship at Indiana University.[1] He returned to New York in 1967 and he gained a doctorate in philosophy from Columbia University,[10][1] and became an American citizen in 1971.[4][11] CIA work With the purge of his superiors at the StB during the aftermath of the 1968 Soviet Union led invasion of Czechoslovakia, he found himself out of touch with the service and approached the FBI instead in an attempt to defect and use his knowledge against the Soviets but they were not interested.[1] His supply of information to the StB dwindled from 1969 until 1971, but he continued to integrate himself in American society.[1] Taking a CIA prescreening employment exam in November 1972, he passed and was employed.[1] After several years as a sleeper he was hired by the CIA as a translator/analyst in 1973[9] due to his fake dissident credentials and skills in a number of Eastern European languages. He was given high level security clearance and given the job of translating and analyzing documents handed over by CIA agents and transcripts of wiretaps and bugs. He quickly became one of the USSR's best sources of information, allowing them to mount an effective defense against CIA covert actions. He translated documents from a key CIA asset in Moscow, Ogorodnik.[2] According to Martha D. Peterson, a retired CIA officer, Koecher is believed to have betrayed Aleksandr Dmitrievich Ogorodnik, a Soviet diplomat who spied for the CIA.[12][13][b] KGB death threat and CIA retirement In September 1976, however, Koecher was summoned back to Prague to a meeting with KGB head of counter-intelligence, Oleg Kalugin.[1] Kalugin claims that after interrogating Koecher, Kalugin argued that he was in fact a triple agent and his information could not be trusted.[1] According to Koecher, the StB then ordered Koecher to resign from the CIA or face death.[1] After seven days of interrogation, Koecher returned to New York and retired, leaving the CIA for a post in academia teaching philosophy.[1] Reactivation By 1982, Koecher was rehabilitated by the KGB after Kalugin was demoted from chief of foreign counterintelligence and Koecher's past intelligence had been reassessed.[1] In the 1980s, Koecher was one of a number of agents reactivated, when he was approached by the StB intelligence officer Jan Fila, operating out of the UN, in New York.[1][c] He returned to work part-time for the CIA. Although the FBI asserts that they had been monitoring and surveilling Koecher and his wife from the early 1980s, it was at least three years before he was arrested.[1] To this day, neither the FBI nor the CIA will reveal what alerted them to Koecher's treachery. Koecher and other KGB officials claim it was Kalugin.[14] Another suggestion by a CIA historian, is that it was the StB intelligence officer, Jan Fila, who betrayed him with the latter disappearing in December 1989, a month after the Czechoslovakian Velvet Revolution.[1] Apprehension The FBI apprehended Koecher on 27 November 1984, outside New York City's Barbizon Plaza Hotel, and brought him and, soon afterwards, his wife Hana in for several days of questioning.[8][1] Finally, Koecher agreed to become a triple agent working for the Americans, provided that they agreed to grant him immunity from prosecution.[1] This was done and Koecher attempted to convince the FBI that he was cooperating.[1] However, it was then decided that Koecher was not reliable enough to be a triple agent and was likely to defect and return to Czechoslovakia.[citation needed] On November 27, 1984, the day after the couple sold their apartment[15] and hours before they were scheduled to fly to Switzerland, Koecher and his wife were arrested in New York City. Koecher was held on espionage charges and Hana Koecher as a material witness.[15] The arrest of the two agents was released to the media.[9] U.S. Attorney Rudolph Giuliani led the case.[15] The case on his wife, Hana, a purported diamond merchant but actually a courier for the StB from 1974 to 1983, had been bungled and would not result in a conviction, so the prosecutors allowed her to gain immunity in return for information against her husband Karl Koecher.[5][6] It soon emerged that the FBI had badly blundered. Koecher's confession was given only after his interrogators promised him immunity as a ruse, and was thus invalid.[8][16] His wife had been denied access to a lawyer despite frequent requests for one,[15] which reportedly caused Justice Department officials to refuse to charge her.[17] She refused to testify against Karl, asserting spousal privilege, though prosecutors argued this did not apply given the two had been partners in crime.[18] With little concrete evidence, it appeared that Koecher had a good chance of being acquitted.[19] The issue of whether or not Hana Koecher could be compelled to testify against her husband went before the US Supreme Court but the fact that both spouses were returned to Czechoslovakia in a prisoner exchange before the court's opinion was published rendered the case moot.[20] According to Koecher, Rudy Giuliani, as a prosecutor for the Southern District of New York, had bungled the case and was unable to gain enough evidence to convict Koecher after Koecher's arrest and instead offered immunity to Koecher in exchange for more information.[21] Koecher was the victim of an attempted stabbing by an unnamed inmate while in prison.[1][21] The inmate supposedly lunged at Koecher with a pair of scissors in an attack Koecher said was foiled by a Hells Angels member, Sandy Alexander.[1][21] Koecher claims the inmate was moved to another prison, and could not be located years later, which he says is proof of an attempt by US intelligence agencies to assassinate him.[21] Koecher, worrying about his own safety, sent through his lawyer and his spouse's father, a request to the KGB chairman that he be part of a prisoner exchange with the Soviets.[1] KGB chairman Kryuchkov agreed, and so did the prosecutor's office, concerned about the embarrassing chance of an acquittal.[d] Koecher pleaded guilty on charges of conspiracy to commit espionage for Czechoslovakia,[18] and was sentenced to life in prison,[19] which was reduced to time served provided he left the US and never returned.[22] On February 11, 1986, Koecher and his wife were part of a nine-person exchange at Glienicke Bridge in Berlin, of which the most prominent member was noted dissident Anatoly Shcharansky.[19] Return Two men and a woman standing in front of grave stones Karl Koecher (center), his wife Hana and the writer Ronald Kessler, Prague 1987 Koecher returned to Czechoslovakia to a hero's welcome and was given a house and a Volvo car as a reward for his services.[23] He was also given a job at the Prague Institute for Economic Forecasting,[24] where many future politicians worked; Václav Klaus and Miloš Zeman the future Czech presidents were among them. Some U.S. journalists stated they had seen Koecher issuing orders at the Laterna Magika theatre during the early days of the Velvet Revolution (1989). Koecher denied any involvement in the Velvet Revolution, saying that journalists must have mixed him up with the then unknown Václav Klaus, who had a similar appearance.[25] The fall of communism has seen Koecher fall from prominence, with the exception of his alleged involvement in a scheme run by Oswald LeWinter,[e] a self-professed former CIA operative, to defraud Mohammed Al-Fayed with false documents that would support his conspiracy theories about the death of Princess Diana.[24][28][29][30] He continues to live in the Czech Republic in relative obscurity. His wife, Hana Koecher, made the headlines in the Czech Republic, when she was fired from her new job as a translator for the British Embassy in Prague.[31][32] The British were completely unaware of her espionage past until a Czech newspaper reporter notified them.[33] A suit she filed against a media organisation for revealing her past as a spy, damaging her business, was rejected.[23][34] An episode of the 2004 Canadian documentary series Betrayal! covered the Koecher case.[35] See also Larry Wu-Tai Chin Sexpionage Wolfgang Vogel Notes Zbigniew Brzezinski was one of his professors.[2] Ogorodnik's CIA case officer, Aldrich Ames, had given Ogorodnik the codename Trigon.[13] Many believe that Fila was working for the United States.[1] According to Koecher, the United States prosecutor for the Southern District of New York, Rudy Giuliani, who had ambitions to become a mayor of New York City, did not want an acquittal because it would hurt Giuliani politically.[21] During their United States incarceration in the 1980s, Oswald LeWinter and Karl Koecher were only a few cells apart from each other and maintained a relationship.[26][27] References Cunningham, Benjamin (30 June 2016). "How a Czech 'super-spy' infiltrated CIA". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2016. Kessler, Ronald (29 October 1988). "Moscow's Mole in the CIA". Washington Post. Retrieved 20 February 2020. Sevela, Vladimir (2015). Cesky Krtek v CIA. Prague: Prostor. pp. 35–38. ISBN 978-80-7260-320-6. Pamela Kessler (2005). Undercover Washington: where famous spies lived, worked, and loved. Capital Books. p. 27. ISBN 1-931868-97-2. "Picking Up the Czech". Time Magazine. 10 December 1984. Archived from the original on 13 July 2010. redakce (13 February 2012). "Svědectví špióna: Učinit Havla známého a pak prezidentem. Tuto operaci řídil důstojník CIA Pavel Tigrid" [Spy testimony: Make Havel acquainted and then president. This operation was led by CIA officer Pavel Tigrid]. freeglobe.cz (in Czech). Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2020. Harding, Luke (29 October 2018). "'A very different world' - inside the Czech spying operation on Trump. Exclusive: files reveal Trump was the target of an extensive spying operation in the late 1980s by the country's intelligence service, with 'friends' from the KGB". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 February 2020. "Accused spy couple awaiting trial". The Day (New London). N.Y. Times News Service. 13 January 1985. p. D-10. "Lawyer calls accused spy double agent". Eugene Register-Guard. 30 November 1984. "Czech spy to plead innocent". Prescott Daily Courier. New York. UPI. 29 November 1984. p. 2A. "ALERT". www.dhra.mil. Archived from the original on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2016-06-18. Cleveland C. Cram (October 1993), Of Moles and Molehunters: A Review of Counterintelligence Literature, 1977-92 (PDF), The Center for the Study of Intelligence, p. 58, archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2011 Fitsanakis, Joseph (16 April 2012). "Ex-CIA officer sheds light on 1977 spy arrests in Moscow". intelnews.org. Retrieved 9 March 2020. "Newyorske listy". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2016-06-18. "Wife of suspected spy not charged". The Pittsburgh Press. 29 November 1984. p. A15. Pete Earley (1997). Confessions of a spy:the real story of Aldrich Ames. Putnam Adult. p. 73. ISBN 0-399-14188-X. "his statement was inadmissible in court because the two FBI agents and the CIA officer who had interrogated him made promises that they never intended to keep." Ronald Ostrow (Los Angeles Times) (8 February 1986). "U.S. includes Czech couple in spy swap". Anchorage Daily News. p. a-8. Aaron Epstein (11 February 1986). "Czech Infiltrator Part Of Planned Spy Swap, A Justice Official Says". Philadelphia Inquirer. "East, West exchange spies, Shcharansky". Houston Chronicle. 11 February 1986. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. "United States v. Hana Koecher, 475 U.S. 133". 25 February 1986. Rosenzweig, Alexis (15 August 2008). "Radio Prague - Köcher, espion tchécoslovaque à la CIA, échangé par les Soviétiques contre Sharansky (2e partie)" [Köcher, Czechoslovakian spy at the CIA, exchanged by the Soviets for Sharansky (part 2)]. www.radio.cz (in French). Retrieved 18 June 2016. "AFIO Weekly Intelligence Notes". www.afio.com. Retrieved 2016-06-18. Jeff Stein (8 July 2010). "Past Russian spies have found post-swap life gets a bit sticky". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Jan Culik (2 August 1999), "Princess Diana, Al Fayed, the CIA and a Czech Spook", Central Europe Review, archived from the original on 11 August 2007, retrieved 11 May 2006 Kraus, Jan (15 June 2007). "Uvolněte se, prosím" [Calm down, please]. Česká televize: Uvolněte se, prosím. Ponec Theater, Prague. Retrieved 9 March 2020. Loeb, Vernon; Bill Miller (February 15, 2001). "Tinker, Tailor, Poet, Spy?; He's Played the Part of an Ex-CIA Agent for Years Now. It's a Convincing Act". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. p. C1. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved January 22, 2013. Čulík, Jan (26 July 1999). "Princezna Diana, milionář Fayed, CIA a český rozvědčík" [Princess Diana, millionaire Fayed, CIA and Czech intelligence]. Britské listy (in Czech). Archived from the original on 16 November 1999. Retrieved 9 March 2020. Anjali Mody (24 July 1999). "Dodi Fayed takes scriptwriters of Di's 'assassination' to court". Indian Express.[permanent dead link] Peter Koenig (3 May 1998). "Al Fayed and the CIA conman". The Independent. London. Koecher, Karl (27 July 1999). "Západní rozvědky asi skutečně zatajují případ Diana. Já s ním neměl nic společného" [Western intelligence may actually hide the Diana case. I had nothing to do with him]. Britské listy (in Czech). Archived from the original on 18 January 2000. Retrieved 9 March 2020. Richter, Jaroslav (1 March 2007). "Karel Köcher (* 1934): Nesloužil jsem nikomu jinému než sobě samému, svým hodnotám" [Karel Köcher (* 1934): I served no one but myself, my values]. memoryofnations.eu website (in Czech). Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023. Šťastná, Barbora (14 December 2020). "Karel Köcher (* 1934): Nesloužil jsem nikomu jinému než sobě samému, svým hodnotám" [Karel Köcher (* 1934): I served no one but myself, my values]. memoryofnations.eu website (in Czech). Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023. "Karl Koecher". spiritus-temporis.com. 6 December 2014. Archived from the original on 6 December 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2023. "A WOMAN TRANSLATOR'S DARK PAST - Intelligence Online". www.intelligenceonline.com. March 1995. Retrieved 2016-06-18. "Betrayal! - Associated Producers Ltd". www.apltd.ca. Retrieved 2016-06-18. External links Mole in CIA: Spy case nobody talks about Bibliography Ronald Kessler: The CIA At War: Inside The Secret Campaign Against Terror, 2004, ISBN 0-312-31933-9. Ronald Kessler: The Bureau: The Secret History of the FBI, 2003, ISBN 0-312-98977-6. Ronald Kessler: The FBI: Inside the World's Most Powerful Law Enforcement Agency, 1994, ISBN 0-671-78658-X. Ronald Kessler: Inside the CIA, 1994, ISBN 0-671-73458-X. Ronald Kessler: Escape from the CIA: How the CIA Won and Lost the Most Important KGB Spy Ever to Defect to the U.S., 1991, ISBN 0-671-72664-1. Ronald Kessler: The Spy In The Russian Club, 1990, ISBN 978-0-684-19116-4. Ronald Kessler: Spy Vs Spy: Stalking Soviet Spies in America, 1988, ISBN 0-7153-9337-5. Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata International VIAFWorldCat National GermanyUnited StatesCzech Republic Other IdRef vte Soviet and Russian spies In the US 1940s and before John Abt Joel Barr Elizabeth Bentley Earl Browder Boris Bukov Whittaker Chambers Lona Cohen Morris Cohen Judith Coplon Noel Field Klaus Fuchs Harold Glasser Harry Gold David Greenglass Theodore Hall John Herrmann Donald Hiss George Koval William Malisoff Hede Massing Boris Morros Isaiah Oggins William Perl Victor Perlo J. Peters William Ward Pigman Lee Pressman Vincent Reno Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Alfred Sarant Saville Sax Morton Sobell Alexander Ulanovsky Nadezhda Ulanovskaya Julian Wadleigh Harold Ware Bill Weisband Nathaniel Weyl Harry Dexter White Maria Wicher Nathan Witt Flora Wovschin Anatoli Yatskov Cold War Rudolf Abel Aldrich Ames David Sheldon Boone Christopher John Boyce Thomas Patrick Cavanaugh Jack Dunlap James Hall III Robert Hanssen Reino Häyhänen Edward Lee Howard Robert Lee Johnson Karl Koecher Andrew Daulton Lee Robert Lipka Clayton J. Lonetree Richard Miller Ronald Pelton Earl Edwin Pitts Jack Soble Myra Soble Robert Soblen Oscar Seborer Robert Thompson George Trofimoff John Anthony Walker Jerry Whitworth Post-Soviet Evgeny Buryakov Anna Chapman Peter Debbins Robert Hanssen Harold James Nicholson Illegals Program In the UK Cambridge Five Anthony Blunt Guy Burgess John Cairncross Donald Maclean Kim Philby Portland spy ring Lona Cohen Morris Cohen Ethel Gee Harry Houghton Konon Molody Michael Bettaney George Blake David Crook Litzi Friedmann Klaus Fuchs Percy Glading Melita Norwood Alan Nunn May John Peet Geoffrey Prime Goronwy Rees Michael John Smith Dave Springhall John Alexander Symonds Edith Tudor-Hart John Vassall Arthur Wynn In Canada Sam Carr Jeffrey Delisle Igor Gouzenko Elena Miller Gerda Munsinger Stephen Joseph Ratkai Fred Rose In Japan Hirohide Ishida Yotoku Miyagi Sanzō Nosaka Hotsumi Ozaki Ryūzō Sejima Elsewhere / in combination Alexander Gregory Barmine Stig Bergling Dieter Gerhardt Walter Krivitsky Kerttu Nuorteva Vladimir Mikhaylovich Petrov Fyodor Raskolnikov Alfred Redl Ignace Reiss Vitaly Shlykov Herman Simm Siddiq Ghouse Richard Sorge Arne Treholt Stig Wennerström Categories: 1934 birthsLiving peopleSoviet spies against the United StatesCzechoslovak spies against the United StatesCIA agents convicted of crimesSlovak JewsPeople of the StBColumbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumniCharles University alumniCzechoslovak prisoners sentenced to life imprisonmentFormer United States citizensPeople convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917People convicted of spying for CzechoslovakiaPrisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States federal government

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This episode of #GrandTheftWorld dives deep into 9/11's lingering mysteries, exploring oddities that challenge the official narrative. Richard Grove and experts provide new evidence that uncovers hidden truths, igniting critical thinking and pushing back against accepted history. Entire episode here: https://rumble.com/v5f38uz-grand-theft-world-podcast-201-another-cat-astrophe-near-trump.html?e9s=src_v1_ucp Archive of ALL GTW Episodes: https://grandtheftworld.com/gtw-podcast/ Grand Theft World podcast is an educational series providing a world-class education based on historical context, artifacts and evidence to un-distort weekly news, leaving the audience with a non-contradictory understanding of reality. Livestreaming Weekly: Sunday Nights | 9:30PM Eastern - 5AM: https://www.GrandTheftWorld.com/live Freedom and Cognitive Liberty are not a sprint, they are a super-marathon; Long Attention Spans Win the Day and are Rewarded with Understanding and the currency of Wisdom to share with others. For the full episode, replays, downloads, and show notes, visit: https://grandtheftworld.com/ Get Richard's Freedom Vault: https://getautonomy.info/freedomvault Use Clip Genie Here: https://clipgenie.com/GTW Gauge Your Autonomy In 3 Minutes https://getautonomy.richardgrove.org/guage-your-autonomy To watch the Grand Theft World live stream, create your FREE Rokfin account @ https://rokfin.com/RichardGrove Streaming live on Sunday nights at 9:30 pm ET! Join a diverse community of people who seek to learn about the bigger picture and adapt to navigating current events, blazing a new path to the truth in the GTW Community. GET 2 MONTHS FREE ACCESS TO THE GTW COMMUNITY: https://grandtheftworld.com/sign-up/

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We're kicking off our weeklong look at the truth behind the 9/11 terror attacks. Everything you've been told about that day was an orchestrated lie. Everyday this week we'll have an depth interview on a different part of the 9/11 cover up. Today we're kicking it off with Ted Walter... he's the Executive Director of International Center for 9/11 Justice... And he just led a big symposium with this presentation called The 9/11 Hijacking Myth Exposed...

Friday, September 13, 2024 Fiorella sits down with Piers Robinson to chat about all the holes in the official 9/11 story and how the plane/flight path, building explosions & collapse, as well as the who done it narratives don’t add up. New evidence by FBI investigations themselves have added questions about Israel, Saudi Arabia, and the US intelligence apparatus. At this point it’s the focus story that seems a conspiracy. Looking at Washington’s objectives then and now leads us to many answers and even more questions. Piers is co-Director of https://propagandastudies.org/ Co-Editor of https://propagandainfocus.com/ Resident Director of https://ic911.org/ Co-Editor of https://ic911.org/journal/ Part of the Berlin Group 21 https://berlingroup21.org/ Substack: https://piersrobinson.substack.com/ Twitter/X @PiersRobinson1 https://x.com/piersrobinson1?s=21 "Fi" Fiorella Isabel: =============== Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/FiorellaIsabelM Fiorella Isabel on Rumble: https://rumble.com/c/c-5021915 Fiorella In Moscow YT: https://www.youtube.com/@FiorellaInMoscow Jayme "CheeseSlice" (Producer/Engineer): ========================== Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/jthysell CashApp: https://cash.app/$JaymeThysell Buy Me a Coffee (Cheese): https://www.buymeacoffee.com/cheesesliceoflife CheeseSlice Of Life: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNKizfoPsPHhtbp_UQ0Q5gQ

What if everything you know about the flights on 9/11 is a total lie... a fabrication? Our next guest is a veteran commercial pilot and flight instructor with Britten-Norman Aircraft Corporation and a researcher with the International Center for 9/11 Justice. He has done an in-depth study of the reported flight paths performed by the so called hijacked airplanes on 9/11 and is here to share with us his findings.

September 11, 2024 Historians Matt Ehret & Gordon, Ghost of Based Patrick Henry review how to Break out of Plato's Cave with 9/11 ********************************************** Gordon’s Twitter (X) handle is: https://twitter.com/TheGhostOfPatr2 ********************************************** Get Science Unshackled here https://matthewehret.substack.com/p/my-new-book-has-now-hit-the-press Matt and Cynthia's books: https://canadianpatriot.org/untold-history-of-canada-books/ Watch The Hidden Hand Behind UFOs episodes here: https://canadianpatriot.org/2023/11/01/the-hidden-hand-behind-ufos-episode-1-lifting-the-esoteric-veil/ ********************************************** 1) Make a donation to the Canadian Patriot https://www.patreon.com/canadianpatriot https://canadianpatriot.org/support-us/ 2) Subscribe to Matt and Cynthia's Substack https://matthewehret.substack.com/ https://cynthiachung.substack.com/ 3) Buy some books! https://canadianpatriot.org/untold-history-of-canada-books/ 4) Subscribe to our Telegram Channels https://t.me/CanadianPatriotPress Since it is likely just a matter of time before this Youtube channel (https://www.youtube.com/@canadianpatriotpress3573) gets suspended again or taken down entirely, check out our alternative platforms: On Rumble https://rumble.com/user/MattEhret On Bitchute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/FPD8fbk6o541/ On Odysee: https://odysee.com/@canadianpatriotpress3573:4 On Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/mattehret

Buy Me A Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/BaggyPants QUIT SMOKING OR VAPING NOW!!!!!!!!!!!! Excellent eBook: QUIT SMOKING OR DIE! https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/quit-smoking-or-die-richard-renstone/1136998725?ean=2940164378936 MY PARATHYROID -Learn about Hyperparathyroidism or Hypoparathyroidism https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/my-parathyroid-richard-renstone/1142399066 In this fascinating documentary presentation Dark Journalist Daniel Liszt is interviewed by X-Series Host Kelsey Forest on the UFO File Secret and reveals how it has been moved through Covert Government circles for over eighty years! POWERFUL PRESENTATION: JFK TO TODAY - WHAT IS THE SECRET? With powerful clips from his upcoming documentary series and JFK60: Blue Enigma and Apotheum Presentations, Dark Journalist takes us on a whirlwind tour of Black Op Exotic Tech development, X-Protect manipulation, NASA Psychics, The JFK Assassination and UFO File narrative control! He also goes deep on the mystical esoteric layers of intrigue completely missed by other researchers. FEATURING: JFK - NIKOLA TESLA - VANNEVAR BUSH - JAMES FORRESTAL - RUDOLF STEINER - RONALD REAGAN JFK ASSASSINATION AND UFO SECRECY A terrifying process has unfolded over the decades including the control and even assassination of Presidents who have challenged the authority of X-Protect in relation to the UFO File. President Kennedy's assassination in 1963 was the direct result of his challenge to the X-Protect group and his attempt to pull the exotic technology control back under the auspices of the Executive Branch. The JFK Records are still being illegally held back by the CIA 60 years later...what are they hiding? Dark Journalist https://www.youtube.com/@darkjournalist/videos

Source: Dark Journalist https://www.youtube.com/@darkjournalist Dec 17, 2022 #DarkJournalist #WhitneyWebb DARK JOURNALIST SPECIAL INTERVIEW: WHITNEY WEBB - THE NATIONAL SECURITY STATE REVEALED: ONE NATION UNDWER BLACKMAIL! The Governance Control System Join Dark Journalist Daniel Liszt and his Special Guest Whitney Webb, Author of the Sensational Two Volume Set, One Nation Under Blackmail. Whitney walks us through decades of the Covert Power Struggles in the National Security State. From Roy Cohn to Jeffrey Epstein the figures may be familiar but with her wide angle lens she let's us see the Truth Behind the Story! Whether it's CIA, NSA, DHS or Organized Crime, let's pull back the curtain and take a look at the real Governance Control System and see who is pulling the strings!

Armand Hammer (May 21, 1898[1]: 16  – December 10, 1990) was an American business manager and owner. He spent decades with Occidental Petroleum in the mid 20th century.[2] Called "Lenin's chosen capitalist" by the press, he was also known for his art collection and his close ties to the Soviet Union.[3][4][5] Hammer's business interests around the world and his "citizen diplomacy" helped him cultivate a wide network of friends and associates. Early life Armand Hammer was born in New York City to Rose (née Lipschitz) and Julius Hammer. Rose and Julius Hammer were Jewish emigrants from the Russian Empire, from Vitebsk (now in Belarus) and Odesa (now in Ukraine), respectively.[6][7][8] Julius Hammer came to the United States in 1875 and settled in the Bronx, where he ran a general medical practice and five drugstores.[9][10] Following the Russian Revolution, a part of the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) under Julius' leadership split off to become a founding element of the Communist Party USA, which supported Vladimir Lenin and Bolshevism.[11] As the administrative head, commercial attaché, and financial advisor of the Ludwig Martens-led Russian Soviet Government Bureau, Julius Hammer was assigned to generate support for the Russian Soviet Government Bureau and funded the Soviet Russian Bureau by money laundering the proceeds from illegal sales of smuggled diamonds through his company Allied Drug, while his Allied Drug partner, Abraham A. Heller, headed the Soviet Bureau's commercial department.[12] Julius Hammer and Heller traveled extensively across the United States to stop the embargo of Soviet Russia and to increase United States trade with Soviet Russia and improve the image of Bolsheviks, whom American socialists despised overwhelmingly.[12] During the United States embargo against Soviet Russia, Julius Hammer used his Allied Drug and Chemical as a front to smuggle items and materials between the United States and Soviet Russia through Riga.[13] After the Lusk Committee supported the police raid of the Soviet Russian Government Bureau on June 12, 1919, Ludwig Martens escaped and went underground, often hiding at Hammer's home.[14][15] On December 18, 1920, Martens was deported; he was returned to Soviet Russia in January 1921.[14][15] Line art of a right arm with a rolled sleeve bent and holding a hammer high. The symbol of the SLP Hammer said originally that his father had named him after a character, Armand Duval, in La Dame aux Camélias, a novel by Alexandre Dumas. According to other sources, Hammer later was said to be named after the "arm and hammer" graphic symbol of the SLP, in which his father had a leadership role.[16] Late in his life, Hammer confirmed that the latter story contained the true origin of his given name.[1]: 16  Father's imprisonment Due to his socialist and communist activities, Hammer's father Julius had been put under federal surveillance.[17] On July 5, 1919, federal agents witnessed Marie Oganesoff (the 33-year-old Russian wife of a former tsarist diplomat) entering Julius's medical office located in a wing of his Bronx home.[17] Oganesoff, "who had accumulated a life-threatening history of miscarriages, abortions, and poor health, was pregnant and wanted to terminate her pregnancy."[17] The surgical procedure took place in the midst of a great flu epidemic.[18] Six days after the abortion, Oganesoff died of pneumonia.[18] Four weeks after her death, a Bronx County grand jury indicted Julius Hammer for first-degree manslaughter.[17] The following summer, a criminal prosecutor convinced a jury that Julius Hammer had let his patient "die like a dog" and that the claims that she had actually died from complications due to influenza were mere attempts to cover up his crime.[17] In 1920, a judge sentenced Julius Hammer to three and a half years in Sing Sing prison.[17][19] While most historians (such as Beverly Gage[20] and Nigel West[21]) state that Julius had performed the abortion, an opposing position has been put forward by author Edward Jay Epstein, who in his book Dossier: The Secret History of Armand Hammer puts forward the claim that it was Armand Hammer, then a medical student, rather than his father, who performed the abortion and his father Julius assumed the blame.[22] Epstein's claims come from interview comments made by Bettye Murphy, who had been Armand's mistress.[23] According to Murphy and Epstein's account, the legal strategy was that Julius did not deny that an abortion had been performed, but insisted that it had been medically necessary and that a licensed doctor, rather than a medical student, would be more convincing in presenting that argument.[24] Allied Drug After the Soviet Russian Government Bureau closed, Allied Drug's smuggling activities between the United States and Soviet Union ceased, which caused Allied Drug to gain enormous debts from storing large amounts of unpaid items in warehouses in New York and Riga.[13] In March 1921, Ludwig Martens sent a letter from Moscow through the Soviet mission in Tallinn to Julius Hammer, who was imprisoned at Sing Sing until 1924, granting his Allied Drug and Chemical concessions for trade with the Soviets and requested an Allied Drug representative to be present in the Soviet Union.[25] When his father was imprisoned, Hammer and his brother took Allied Drug, the family business, to new heights, reselling equipment they had bought at depressed prices at the end of World War I. According to Hammer, his first business success was in 1919, manufacturing and selling a ginger extract, which legally contained high levels of alcohol. This was extremely popular during Prohibition, and the company had $1 million in sales that year.[citation needed] Family envoy in Soviet Union While Julius was imprisoned, he sent Armand Hammer, who could not speak any Russian, to the Soviet Union to look after the affairs of Allied Drug and Chemical.[22][26] Hammer traveled back and forth from the Soviet Union for the next 10 years.[22] In the meantime, Hammer graduated from Columbia College in 1919 and received his medical degree from the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1921.[27][28] In 1921, while waiting for his internship to begin at Bellevue Hospital, Hammer went to the Soviet Union for a trip that lasted until late 1930.[1]: 73  Although his career in medicine was cut short, he relished being referred to as "Dr. Hammer". Hammer's intentions in the 1921 trip have been debated ever since. He has claimed that he originally intended to recoup $150,000 in debts for drugs shipped during the Allied intervention, but was soon moved by a capitalistic and philanthropic interest in selling wheat to the then-starving Russians.[1]: 43  In his passport application, Hammer stated that he intended to visit only Western Europe.[29] J. Edgar Hoover in the Justice Department knew this was false, but Hammer was allowed to travel, anyway.[1]: 36  The 26-year-old Hoover, who was the Justice Department's expert on subversives, was tipped off that Armand Hammer was a courier for the COMINTERN and ensured that foreign intelligence agencies were notified of Armand Hammer's travels.[30] A skeptical U.S. government watched him through this trip and for the rest of his life.[31][32] Career Early Soviet venturesFirst trip to Russia After leaving Columbia Medical School, Hammer extended earlier entrepreneurial ventures with a successful business importing many goods from and exporting pharmaceuticals to the newly formed Soviet Union, together with his younger brother Victor. The blockade of Soviet Russia had ended for most items in February 1921, and on July 5, 1921, he departed New York on his first trip to Soviet Russia as Allied Drug's representative in Soviet Russia.[33] Prior to his departure, he visited Charles Recht, Lenin's United States attorney that supported Soviet Russia's best interests in the United States and whose law office was in the same building that the former Soviet Russian Government Bureau had occupied, and Recht gave Hammer a package to deliver to Ludwig Martens in Moscow.[34] During this first visit, Armand Hammer allowed the Cheka, the Soviet secret police who later became known as the KGB, to take control of Allied Drug and Chemical.[35] Asbestos concession During his time in Soviet Russia and later the Soviet Union, he perfected bribery and money-laundering techniques, which were exposed later in the 1960s and 1970s during which he tape-recorded his payoffs.[36] After returning to the United States, Hammer stated that Lenin had granted him an asbestos concession for 25 years to mine asbestos from the Urals in Soviet Russia.[37][38] According to Hammer, on his initial trip, he took $60,000 in medical supplies to aid in a typhus epidemic and made a deal with Lenin for furs, caviar, and jewelry expropriated by the Soviet state in exchange for a million bushels (27,216 tons) shipment of surplus American wheat.[38] Lenin New Economic Policy During Lenin's New Economic Policy, Armand Hammer became the mediator for 38 international companies in their dealings with the USSR.[39] Before Lenin's death, Hammer negotiated the import of Fordson tractors into the USSR, which served a major role in agricultural mechanization in the country.[40][39] Later, after Stalin came to power, additional deals were negotiated with Hammer as an American–Soviet negotiator.[39] Hammer's move to Soviet Union He moved to the USSR in the 1920s to oversee these operations, especially his large business manufacturing and exporting pens and pencils.[41][42] According to Alexander Barmine, who was assigned by the Central Committee to run the Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga company to compete with Hammer, the stationery concession to produce such items in the Soviet Union was actually granted to Julius Hammer.[43] Barmine states the party spent five million gold rubles on stationery supplies made in factories controlled by Julius Hammer and other concessionaires, making them rich.[44] Barmine further contends that the Soviets were eventually able to duplicate certain items such as typewriter parts and pens, and end those concessions, but were never able to match the quality of Hammer's pencils, so that concession became permanent.[45] Armand Hammer remained in the Soviet Union until 1930.[46] Return to the United States Back in the United States, Hammer was bequeathed a few Fabergé eggs by the Soviets between 1930 and 1933.[47][48] The authenticity of the artifacts was questioned.[49] According to Géza von Habsburg, Armand's brother Victor Hammer stated Stalin's trade commissar Anastas Mikoyan provided Fabergé hallmarking tools to Armand to sell fakes,[48][50] and Victor stated a 1938 New York sale he ran with Armand, which grossed several million dollars, consisted of both authentic and inauthentic items (called Fauxbergé by Habsburg), with commissions going back to Mikoyan.[48] Although certainly some fakes were produced, on close examination many of the so-called fake items turned out to actually be from various workshops, particularly that of Henrik Wigstrom, and had been appropriated by the Soviet government when they closed the Faberge company. As the items were either unfinished or not ready for retail sale, many were not hallmarked, so Hammer and his associates finished the work.[citation needed] In his 1983 book, Red Carpet, author Joseph Finder discusses Hammer's "extensive involvement with Russia."[51] In Dossier: The Secret History of Armand Hammer, Edward Jay Epstein called Hammer "a virtual spy" for the Soviet Union.[52] Oil company, Libya deals, and return to Soviet negotiation After returning to the US, Hammer entered into a diverse array of business, art, cultural, and humanitarian endeavors, including investing in various U.S. oil-production efforts. He gained enormous wealth through his United Distillers of America, which was a 1933 established firm known as the A. Hammer Cooperage Corporation until 1946, when it changed its name to United Distillers of America Ltd.[53] In early 1944, Hammer purchased American Distilling Co. and a former New Market, New Hampshire, rum distillery at which his American Distilling employee, Dr. Hanns G. Maister, began producing the first United States-made potato-based spirit, which was a vodka, and also produced a blended whiskey that was retailed through the cooperage's account with West Shore.[53] After a B-25 plane crashed into the north face of the 79th floor of the Empire State Building on a foggy Saturday July 28 in 1945, Hammer purchased the damaged 78th floor, refurbished it, and made it the headquarters of his United Distillers of America.[54][55] His oil investments were later parlayed into control of Occidental Petroleum (Oxy) which he obtained in 1956.[32] Through his Occidental Petroleum and its stakes in Libya, Hammer was pivotal in breaking the tight grip that the major United States domestic producers had on the price of oil, and instead gave OPEC control over oil prices.[35] Arthur Andersen was Oxy's auditor.[56] National Geographic described Occidental chairman Hammer as "a pioneer in the synfuels boom."[57] In 1973, Libya nationalized 51% of Oxy's holdings in Libya. In 1974, Armand Hammer announced a 35-year oil exploration agreement with Libya, the first such agreement signed by Libya after Muammar Gaddafi came to power in September 1969. By the 1974 deal, 81% of the oil extracted by Occidental Petroleum was going to the Libyan government, with only 19% retained by Occidental Petroleum. At the time, Oxy was the second largest producer of oil in Libya, and Libya was the company's only major source of crude. The Libyan government continually threatened the assets of the company, who would usually give in to Gaddafi's demands.[58] Throughout his life Hammer continued personal and business dealings with the Soviet Union, despite the Cold War. In later years, he lobbied and traveled extensively at a great personal expense, working for peace between the United States and the Communist countries of the world, including ferrying physicians and supplies into the Soviet Union to help Chernobyl survivors.[59] In his book The Prize, Daniel Yergin writes that Hammer "ended up as a go-between for five Soviet General Secretaries and seven U.S. Presidents."[60] Détente Through Hammer's closeness to Yuri Andropov, Andropov assigned Mikhail Ilyich Bruk (Russian: Михаил Ильич Брук; 1923 Moscow – 2009 Jurmala) also called Mike or Michael Brook or Brooke, who was an English-Russian translator, as Hammer's personal ambassador and expediter and was present as Hammer's translator at all meetings between Armand Hammer and Soviet leaders in the Soviet Union beginning in 1964.[61][62][63] Bruk had been a technical translator at the first Pugwash conference called the Thinkers' Lodge held in July 1957.[64] According to Armand Hammer, "Mike's KGB."[64] In early 1969, Armand Hammer obtained control of Eaton's Tower International[a] through which Hammer would have a controlling majority stake in Tower International in exchange for Hammer's Occidental Petroleum assuming the debts of Tower International and Eaton receiving 45% of any profits from Tower International's future projects.[65][66][b][c] During Soviet times Armand Hammer also financed the World Trade Center Moscow [ru], which opened in 1979 and became known as the Hammer Center.[70] Trade deals between Nixon and Brezhnev After Richard Nixon, as the first United States President to visit the Soviet Union, traveled to Moscow for a summit that ended on June 1, 1972, Hammer traveled to Moscow arriving July 14, 1972,[d] and, with Sargent Shriver as his legal advisor, negotiated the first trade agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union following Nixon's summit.[72] Six weeks prior to Nixon's departure, Hammer personally gave Maurice Stans, the finance chairman of Nixon's campaign fund, $46,000 in cash from a numbered bank account in Switzerland which Hammer used as his slush fund money.[73] Later, in September 1972 Hammer gave Nixon's campaign fund an additional $54,000 from the same Swiss bank account amounting to a total of $100,000 that Hammer donated to Nixon's campaign fund.[73] On July 18, 1972, Hammer returned to the United States through London and called Tim Babcock, Hammer's lobbyist for the Nixon administration, to have him arrange a meeting with Nixon through H. R. Haldeman, who was Nixon's chief of staff, in order to debrief the President about Hammer's trade deal which occurred on July 20, 1972.[74] During détente in July 1972, Armand Hammer negotiated a twenty year agreement with Leonid Brezhnev of the Soviet Union that was signed by Hammer in April 1973 in which the Hammer controlled firms Occidental Petroleum and Tower International would export to the Soviet Union, and later Russia, phosphate, which Occidental mined in northern Florida, in return for the Soviet Union, and later Russia, exporting from Odessa through Hammer's firms natural gas that would be converted into ammonia, potash, and urea.[75] This fertilizer deal was to continue until Hammer's 100th birthday in 1998.[76] JaxPort at the Port of Jacksonville in Jacksonville, Florida, was the United States port through which this trade occurred.[77] Nixon encouraged the Export–Import Bank to finance in part the deal, valued at $20 billion over 20 years,[78][79][80] and fund the Soviet construction of four ammonia plants in the greater Volga region, and a pipeline connecting them to the port at Odessa.[80] On July 27, 1978, the fertilizer deal began functioning in the Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union, with the opening of the port and the Odessa plants near the former location of Grigorievka (Russian: Григорьевка, Ukrainian: Григорівка) at the seaport "Pivdenny" (Russian: Морской порт “Пивденный”, Ukrainian: Морський торговельний порт «Південний»), which is the deepest port in Ukraine servicing vessels with drafts up to 18.5 metres (61 ft).[38][81][82][83] Pivdenny is located at the Small Adzhalyk Estuary west of the 1974 established Yuzhne. The Port of Pivdenny was known as "Grigorievsky" (Russian: «Григорьевский») until 1978 and as the Port of Yuzhne from 1978 until April 17, 2019, when the port was renamed from the Russian word to the Ukrainian word for southern.[38][82][84] Illegal financial support of Nixon's Watergate fund Politically, Hammer was a Democrat; but according to the memoir of his lawyer Louis Nizer, he was also one of "many executives who contribute to both political parties [and] preferred no publicity about his dual gifts." In 1972, "under pressure" from various sources, Hammer donated an unusual amount to Nixon's second campaign: "He wished his substantial contribution to Nixon to be anonymous because he himself was a Democrat."[85] Hammer anonymously gave $46,000 to support Nixon before a 1971 law took effect on April 7, 1972, which banned political contributions both anonymous and through another person.[86] Later, in September 1972, Armand Hammer made an additional three illegal contributions totaling $54,000 to Richard Nixon's Watergate fund through friends of former Montana Governor Tim Babcock, who was Hammer's vice president of Occidental Petroleum,[73] after which both Hammer and Babcock pleaded guilty to charges involving illegal contributions.[86][87][88] Hammer received probation and a $3,000 fine.[85] In August 1989, US President George H. W. Bush pardoned Hammer for the illegal contributions to aid Nixon's re-election in 1972.[86][46] Association with the Gore family A 2003 interview with Aleksey Mitrofanov erroneously places the Hammer and Gore families close to each other in Europe.[89][90] Occidental's coal interests were represented for many years by attorney and former U.S. Senator Al Gore Sr., among others. Gore, who had a longtime close friendship with Hammer, became the head of the subsidiary Island Creek Coal Company, upon his election loss in the Senate in November 1970.[56][91] Much of Occidental's coal and phosphate production was in Tennessee, the state Gore represented in the Senate, and Gore owned shares in the company.[e] Former Vice President Al Gore Jr. received much criticism from environmentalists, when the shares passed to the estate after the death of Gore Sr., and Gore Jr. was a son and the executor of the estate.[92][93] Gore Jr. did not exercise control over the shares, which were eventually sold when the estate closed.[94][95] Hammer was very fond of Gore Jr. and, in 1984, under Hammer's guidance, Gore Jr. sought Tennessee's Senate office previously held by Howard Baker. Hammer supposedly promised Gore Sr. that he could make his son the president of the United States. It was under Hammer's encouragement and support that Gore Jr. sought the Democratic Party presidential nomination in 1988.[96][97] Stake in Arm & Hammer In the 1980s Hammer owned a considerable amount of stock in Church & Dwight, the company that manufactures Arm & Hammer products; he also served on its board of directors. However, the Arm & Hammer company's brand name did not originate with Armand Hammer. It was in use 31 years before Hammer was born.[98] While Hammer and Occidental said that the Church & Dwight investment was a coincidence, Hammer acknowledged previously trying to buy the Arm & Hammer brand as a result of often being asked about it.[99][100] President's Cancer Panel In 1981, Hammer was appointed by US President Ronald Reagan to serve on the three-member President's Cancer Panel and he later served as chairman of the panel from 1984 to 1989.[101][102][103] As chairman of the panel, he announced a campaign to raise $1 billion a year to fight cancer.[104] Other activities and pursuits Hammer was a philanthropist, supporting causes related to education, medicine, and the arts. He was a collector of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. His personal donation forms the core of the permanent collection of the UCLA Hammer Museum in Los Angeles, California. Together with his brother Victor, he was the owner of the "Hammer Galleries" in New York City.[105][106][107] Hammer purchased Knoedler, the oldest art gallery in America, in 1971.[108] Hammer hired art historian John Richardson as director at Knoedler;[109] Richardson later wrote an unflattering portrait of him.[110] Sign of the Armand Hammer Golf Course in Holmby Park in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles Among his legacies is the Armand Hammer United World College of the American West (now generally called the UWC-USA, part of the United World Colleges), which he helped found in 1981, with the support of the then-Prince of Wales, Charles, who was president of United World Colleges International. Due to his closeness to the future Charles III, he was figuratively called a godfather to one of the Prince's children.[111][112] It has been reported that Charles intended to make Hammer Prince William's godfather but was forced to abandon these plans as Princess Diana disliked the idea.[113] In the 1980s, Hammer gave strong financial support to Prince Charles's projects of nearly 40 million pounds and free use of Hammer's Boeing 727.[114] Together with his friends Harry and Rosa Strygler, he also supported several Jewish foundations, particularly those associated with the Holocaust. Hammer hungered for a Nobel Peace Prize, and he was repeatedly nominated for one, including by Menachem Begin,[115] but never won. In 1986, Forbes magazine estimated his net worth at $200 million.[116] Hammer made a guest appearance on a 1988 episode of The Cosby Show (as the grandfather of a friend of Theo Huxtable's who was suffering from cancer), saying that a cure for cancer was imminent.[117] Hammer was leading Occidental in 1988 when its oil rig, Piper Alpha, exploded, killing 167 men. The Cullen Report highlighted failings in many areas on the platform. As of 2016, he has been the subject of six biographies: in 1975 (Considine, authorized biography), 1985 (Bryson, coffee table book), Weinberg 1989, Blumay 1992, Epstein 1996, and Alef 2009; and two autobiographies (1932 and a bestseller in 1987). His art collection, The Armand Hammer Collection: Four Centuries of Masterpieces, published by the Armand Hammer Foundation in multiple editions, eventually became five centuries of masterpieces, sometimes in conjunction with museums where the collection was displayed.[118] and his philanthropic projects[119] were the subject of numerous publications. Awards In 1978, Hammer, as a non-citizen of the Soviet Union, received the Soviet Union's award the Order of Friendship of Peoples from Leonid Brezhnev because of his strong support of both the International Workers and Communist movement and the needs of the Soviet Union.[32][111] By the time of his death, Hammer had received other awards, including: Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1978)[120] US: National Medal of Arts (1987) France: Legion of Honor Italy: Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (August 1, 1981)[121] Sweden: Royal Order of the Polar Star Austria: Knight Commander's Cross Pakistan: Hilal-i-Quaid-Azam Peace Award Israel: Leadership Award Venezuela: Order of Andrés Bello[citation needed] Mexico: National Recognition Award Bulgaria: Jubilee Medal Belgium: Order of the Crown.[111] John Jay Award (1981) from Columbia College, his alma mater[122] Personal life Family tomb in Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery Hammer was the middle of three sons. He had close relationships, including in business, with his brothers, Harry and Victor Hammer, throughout their lives. Hammer married three times. In 1927, Hammer married a Russian actress, Olga Vadimovna von Root, who was the daughter of a czarist general.[9][10] In 1943, he married Angela Zevely. In 1956, he married the wealthy widow Frances Barrett, and they remained married until her death in 1989.[123] Hammer had one son, Julian Armand Hammer, by his first wife.[124][1]: 120  Hammer's grandson is businessman Michael Armand Hammer; his great-grandson is actor Armie Hammer. Hammer died of bone marrow cancer in December 1990, aged 92 in Los Angeles. He is buried in Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery, across the street from the Occidental Petroleum headquarters on Wilshire Boulevard. Publications Articles "On a Vast China Market." Journal of International Affairs, vol. 39, no. 2: China in Transition (Winter 1986): 19–25. JSTOR 24356572. Books The Quest of the Romanoff Treasure. William Farquhar Payson (1932). 241 pages. Hammer. Los Angeles: Perigee Books, 1988. Co-authored by Neil Lyndon. Reviewed by Tom Gainor, VP of Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Hammer: Odyssey of an Entrepreneur", The Region, August 1987.[125] See also Cyrus Eaton Fauxbergé List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States Notes In 1954 during the United States' McCarthyism era and to affect the trading of sheet metal from Cyrus Eaton's Republic Steel in Cleveland for chrome ore primarily from the Kazakh SSR in the Soviet Union, Eaton's son Cyrus Eaton Jr., established the Canadian firm Tower International in Montreal to act as an intermediary because direct trade between the United States and the Soviet Union was unthinkable.[65] Later, during the 1980s perestroika, Cyrus Eaton World Trade Ltd. contributed to the opening up of trade between the Soviet Union and Canada.[67] In July 1972, Armand Hammer's financial wizard Dorman Commons, who was the chief financial officer at Hammer's Occidental Petroleum in Los Angeles, estimated that Tower International's International Trade Center project in Moscow would cost $100 million and would be a complete flop if détente failed.[68] On July 31, 1972, Commons voiced his thoughts with Hammer after which Hammer fired Commons effective August 1, 1972.[69] During this trip which Mike Brook organized, Hammer was the first person to fly to the Soviet Union in a privately owned airplane, his Gulfstream jet, and did not go through the typical passport and customs checks.[71] Occidental held large phosphate reserves near Jacksonville, Florida.[77] References Steve Weinberg (1990). 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"The Unfinished Business of Armand Hammer; After A Lifetime in the Public Eye, He Still Worries About His Place in History". Los Angeles Times Magazine. p. 8. "Forbes 400 Members In Trouble With The Law". Forbes. Excerpted All the Money in the World. September 14, 2007. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2017. O'Connor, John J. (January 21, 1988). "TV Reviews; An Update On 'The Cosby Show'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 31, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2010. Honore Daumier 1808–1879: The Armand Hammer Daumier Collection Incorporating a Collection from George Longstreet, 1981 Theodore Lockwood (1997). Dreams & Promises: The Story of the Armand Hammer United World College : A Critical Analysis. "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on December 15, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2020. "Hammer, Dott. Armand". quirinale.it (in Italian). Retrieved November 27, 2022. "John Jay Awards". Columbia College Alumni Association. December 14, 2016. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2022. Peter Flint (December 19, 1989). "Frances Hammer, A Painter, Was 87; Wife of Industrialist". The New York Times. "Miss Mobley Has Nuptials In Oklahoma". The New York Times. January 13, 1985. Archived from the original on March 26, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010. "Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis-The Region-Book Review: Hammer: Odyssey of an Entrepreneur (August 1987)". The Region. August 1987. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved May 18, 2016. Bibliography Epstein, Edward Jay (1996). Dossier : the secret history of Armand Hammer (1st ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0679448020. Further reading Biographical profiles Ingham, John N. Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders, Vol. 2: H–M. Greenwood Press (1983): 533–536. ISBN 0313239088. Tycoons and Entrepreneurs. New York: Macmillan Library Reference USA (1998): 87–92. ISBN 978-0028649825. Books Cosidine, Bob The Remarkable Life of Dr. Armand Hammer. New York: Harper & Row, 1975. ISBN 0060108363. 287 pages. Bryson, John. The World of Armand Hammer. Abrams, 1985. ISBN 978-0810910935. 255 pages. Weinberg, Steve. Armand Hammer: The Untold Story. Boston: Little, Brown, 1989. ISBN 978-0316928397. 501 pages. Blumay, Carl. Dark Side of Power: The Real Armand Hammer. New York: Simon & Schuster (November 1992). ISBN 978-0671700539. 494 pages. Epstein, Edward Jay. Dossier: The Secret History of Armand Hammer. New York: Random House (1996). ISBN 978-0679448020. 418 pages. C-SPAN Booknotes interview with author Edward Jay Epstein (January 5, 1997). Catalogs Denver Art Museum. The Armand Hammer Collection: Four Centuries of Masterpieces. An exhibition catalog (February 18 – April 9, 1978). Novels Triantafyllou, Soti. To Ergostassio ton Molivion [The Pencil Factory] (in Greek). Patakis (2000). External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Armand Hammer. Appearances on C-SPAN Interview with Epstein on occasion of the publication of "Dossier: The Secret History of Armand Hammer", C-SPAN Armand Hammer Collection at UCLA vte National Medal of Arts recipients (1980s) 1985 Elliott Carter Jr. Ralph Ellison José Ferrer Martha Graham Louise Nevelson Georgia O'Keeffe Leontyne Price Dorothy Buffum Chandler Lincoln Kirstein Paul Mellon Alice Tully Hallmark Cards, Inc. 1986 Marian Anderson Frank Capra Aaron Copland Willem de Kooning Agnes de Mille Eva Le Gallienne Alan Lomax Lewis Mumford Eudora Welty Dominique de Menil Exxon Corporation Seymour H. Knox II 1987 Romare Bearden Ella Fitzgerald Howard Nemerov Alwin Nikolais Isamu Noguchi William Schuman Robert Penn Warren J. W. Fisher Frances Fisher Armand Hammer Sydney Lewis 1988 Saul Bellow Helen Hayes Gordon Parks I. M. Pei Jerome Robbins Rudolf Serkin Virgil Thomson Sydney J. Freedberg Roger L. Stevens Brooke Astor Francis Goelet Obert Clark Tanner 1989 Leopold Adler Katherine Dunham Alfred Eisenstaedt Martin Friedman Leigh Gerdine John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie Walker Hancock Vladimir Horowitz Czesław Miłosz Robert Motherwell John Updike Dayton Hudson Corporation Complete list 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata International ISNIVIAFFASTWorldCat National GermanyUnited StatesFranceBnF dataJapanCzech RepublicNetherlandsNorwayKoreaPolandVaticanIsrael Academics CiNii Artists ULANMusicBrainzRKD Artists People TroveDeutsche Biographie Other IdRefNARASNAC Categories: 1898 births1990 deathsAmerican art collectorsAmerican chief executives of energy companiesAmerican people of Russian-Jewish descentBusinesspeople from Los AngelesBusinesspeople from ManhattanColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumniDeaths from bone cancer in CaliforniaDeaths from multiple myeloma in CaliforniaHammer familyHammer MuseumJewish art collectorsMuseum foundersPeople from Bel Air, Los AngelesPeople in the petroleum industryPhilanthropists from CaliforniaRecipients of American presidential pardons20th-century American businesspeopleAmerican expatriates in the Soviet UnionAmerican people of Ukrainian-Jewish descentBurials at Westwood Village Memorial Park CemeteryColumbia College (New York) alumniJews from CaliforniaJews from New York (state)Philanthropists from New York (state)Recipients of the Order of Friendship of PeoplesRecipients of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)United States National Medal of Arts recipients

What really happened to Malaysian Airlines fight MH370? 10 years ago... Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappeared from radar on 8 March 2014, while flying from Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia to its intended destination in Beijing. But It never arrived and neither did the 227 passengers and 12 crew members whose family members have been in anguish ever since. What happened to their loved ones? Who's covering up the real story? 10 years have now passed and we finally might have some leads as to what caused this disappearance. Ashton Forbes has in many ways devoted his life to figuring out what happened here and we decided to invite Ashton on to talk about some of this new evidence.

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Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001) was an American domestic terrorist who perpetrated the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995. The bombing killed 168 people (19 of whom were children), injured 680, and destroyed one-third of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.[5][6] It remains the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.[7] A Gulf War veteran, McVeigh became radicalized by anti-government beliefs. He sought revenge against the United States federal government for the 1993 Waco siege, as well as the 1992 Ruby Ridge incident. McVeigh expressed particular disapproval of federal agencies such as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for their handling of issues regarding private citizens. He hoped to inspire a revolution against the federal government, and he defended the bombing as a legitimate tactic against what he saw as a tyrannical government.[8] He was arrested shortly after the bombing and indicted on 160 state offenses and 11 federal offenses, including the use of a weapon of mass destruction. He was found guilty on all counts in 1997 and sentenced to death.[9] McVeigh was executed by lethal injection on June 11, 2001, at the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana. His execution, which took place just over six years after the offense, was carried out in a considerably shorter time than for most inmates awaiting execution.[10] Early life McVeigh was born on April 23, 1968, in Lockport, New York, the only son and the second of three children of his Irish American parents, Noreen Mildred "Mickey" Hill (1945–2007) and William McVeigh. In 1866, McVeigh's great-great-grandfather Edward McVeigh emigrated from Ireland and settled in Niagara County.[11][3] After McVeigh's parents divorced when he was ten years old, he was raised by his father in Pendleton, New York.[3][12] McVeigh claimed to have been a target of bullying at school, and he took refuge in a fantasy world where he imagined retaliating against the bullies.[13] At the end of his life, he stated his belief that the United States government is the ultimate bully.[14] Most who knew McVeigh remember him as being very shy and withdrawn while a few described him as an outgoing and playful child who withdrew as an adolescent. He is said to have had only one girlfriend as an adolescent; he later told journalists that he did not have any idea how to impress girls.[15] While in high school McVeigh became interested in computers, and hacked into government computer systems on his Commodore 64 under the handle The Wanderer, taken from the song by Dion DiMucci. In his senior year he was named "most promising computer programmer" of Starpoint Central High School (as well as "Most Talkative" by his classmates as a joke as he did not speak much)[16][17] but had relatively poor grades until his 1986 graduation.[3][18] He was introduced to firearms by his grandfather. McVeigh told people of his wish to become a gun shop owner and sometimes took firearms to school to impress his classmates. He became intensely interested in gun rights as well as the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution after he graduated from high school and read magazines such as Soldier of Fortune. He briefly attended Bryant & Stratton College before dropping out.[19][20] After dropping out of college, McVeigh worked as an armored car guard and was noted by co-workers as being obsessed with guns. One co-worker recalled an instance when McVeigh came to work "looking like Pancho Villa" as he was wearing bandoliers.[3] Military career In May 1988, at the age of 20, McVeigh enlisted in the United States Army and attended Basic Training and Advanced Individual Training at the U.S. Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia.[21] While in the military, McVeigh used much of his spare time to read about firearms, sniper tactics, and explosives.[22] McVeigh was reprimanded by the military for purchasing a "White Power" T-shirt at a Ku Klux Klan rally where they were objecting to black servicemen who wore "Black Power" T-shirts around a military installation (primarily Army).[23] His future co-conspirator Terry Nichols was his platoon guide. He and Nichols quickly got along with their similar backgrounds as well as their views in gun collecting and survivalism.[17] The two were later stationed together at Fort Riley in Junction City, Kansas, where they met and became friends with their future accomplice, Michael Fortier. McVeigh was a top-scoring gunner with the 25mm cannon of the Bradley Fighting Vehicles used by the 1st Infantry Division and was promoted to sergeant. After being promoted, McVeigh earned a reputation for assigning undesirable work to black servicemen and using derogatory language.[3] He was stationed at Fort Riley before being deployed on Operation Desert Storm. In an interview before his execution, McVeigh said that he hit an Iraqi tank more than 500 yards away on his first day in the war and then the Iraqis surrendered. He also decapitated an Iraqi soldier with cannon fire from 1,100 yards away. He said he was later shocked to see carnage on the road while leaving Kuwait City after U.S. troops routed the Iraqi Army. McVeigh received several service awards, including the Bronze Star Medal[24][3] National Defense Service Medal,[18] Southwest Asia Service Medal,[25] Army Service Ribbon,[25] and the Kuwaiti Liberation Medal.[18] McVeigh aspired to join the United States Army Special Forces (SF). After returning from the Gulf War, he entered the selection program, but withdrew on the second day of the 21-day assessment and selection course for the Special Forces, telling other recruits that he had injured an ankle. However, in a letter to his superiors, McVeigh wrote that he was not "physically ready".[26] McVeigh decided to leave the Army and was honorably discharged in 1991.[27] Post-military life McVeigh wrote letters to local newspapers complaining about taxes. In 1992, he wrote: Taxes are a joke. Regardless of what a political candidate "promises," they will increase. More taxes are always the answer to government mismanagement. They mess up. We suffer. Taxes are reaching cataclysmic levels, with no slowdown in sight. [...] Is a Civil War Imminent? Do we have to shed blood to reform the current system? I hope it doesn't come to that. But it might.[28] McVeigh also wrote to Representative John J. LaFalce (D–New York),[29] complaining about the arrest of a woman for carrying mace: It is a lie if we tell ourselves that the police can protect us everywhere at all times. Firearms restrictions are bad enough, but now a woman can't even carry Mace in her purse?[29] McVeigh later moved with Nichols to Nichols’ brother James’ farm around Decker, Michigan.[30] While visiting friends, McVeigh reportedly complained that the Army had implanted a microchip into his buttocks so that the government could keep track of him.[3] McVeigh worked long hours in a dead-end job and felt that he did not have a home. He sought romance, but his advances were rejected by a co-worker and he felt nervous around women. He believed that he brought too much pain to his loved ones.[31] He grew angry and frustrated at his difficulties in finding a girlfriend. He took up obsessive gambling.[32] Unable to pay gambling debts, he took a cash advance and then defaulted on his repayments. He began looking for a state with low taxes so that he could live without heavy government regulation or high taxes. He became enraged when the government told him that he had been overpaid $1,058 while in the Army and he had to pay back the money. He wrote an angry letter to the government, saying: Go ahead, take everything I own; take my dignity. Feel good as you grow fat and rich at my expense; sucking my tax dollars and property.[33] McVeigh introduced his sister to anti-government literature, but his father had little interest in these views. He moved out of his father's house and into an apartment that had no telephone. This made it impossible for his employer to contact him for overtime assignments. He quit the National Rifle Association of America (NRA), believing that it was too weak on gun rights.[34] 1993 Waco siege and gun shows In 1993, McVeigh drove to Waco, Texas, during the Waco siege to show his support. At the scene, he distributed pro-gun rights literature and bumper stickers bearing slogans such as, "When guns are outlawed, I will become an outlaw." He told a student reporter: The government is afraid of the guns people have because they have to have control of the people at all times. Once you take away the guns, you can do anything to the people. You give them an inch and they take a mile. I believe we are slowly turning into a socialist government. The government is continually growing bigger and more powerful, and the people need to prepare to defend themselves against government control.[35][36] For the five months following the Waco siege, McVeigh worked at gun shows and handed out free cards printed with the name and address of Lon Horiuchi, an FBI sniper, "in the hope that somebody in the Patriot movement would assassinate the sharpshooter." Horiuchi's actions while an FBI agent have drawn controversy, specifically his shooting and killing of Randy Weaver's wife while she held an infant child. McVeigh wrote hate mail to Horiuchi, suggesting that "what goes around, comes around". McVeigh later considered putting aside his plan to target the Murrah Building to target Horiuchi or a member of his family instead.[37] McVeigh became a fixture on the gun show circuit, traveling to forty states and visiting about eighty gun shows. He found that the further west he went, the more anti-government sentiment he encountered, at least until he got to what he called "The People's Socialist Republic of California."[38] McVeigh sold survival items and copies of The Turner Diaries. One author said: In the gun show culture, McVeigh found a home. Though he remained skeptical of some of the most extreme ideas being bandied around, he liked talking to people there about the United Nations, the federal government, and possible threats to American liberty.[39] Arizona with Fortier McVeigh had a road atlas with hand-drawn designations of the most likely places for nuclear attacks and considered buying property in Seligman, Arizona, which he determined to be in a "nuclear-free zone." He lived with Michael Fortier in Kingman, Arizona, and the two became so close that he served as best man at Fortier's wedding. McVeigh experimented with cannabis and methamphetamine after first researching their effects in an encyclopedia.[40] He was never as interested in drugs as Fortier was, and one of the reasons they parted ways was that McVeigh grew tired of Fortier's drug habits.[41] With Nichols, Waco siege, and radicalization In April 1993, McVeigh headed for a farm in Michigan where former roommate Terry Nichols lived. In between watching coverage of the Waco siege on TV, Nichols and his brother began teaching McVeigh how to make explosives by combining household chemicals in plastic jugs. The destruction of the Waco compound enraged McVeigh and convinced him that it was time to take action. He was particularly angered by the government's use of CS gas on women and children; he had been exposed to the gas as part of his military training and was familiar with its effects. The disappearance of certain evidence,[42] such as the bullet-riddled steel-reinforced front door to the complex, led him to suspect a cover-up. McVeigh's anti-government rhetoric became more radical. He began to sell Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) hats riddled with bullet holes, and a flare gun that he said could shoot down an "ATF helicopter".[9][43] He produced videos detailing the government's actions at Waco and handed out pamphlets with titles such as "U.S. Government Initiates Open Warfare Against American People" and "Waco Shootout Evokes Memory of Warsaw '43." He began changing his answering machine greeting every couple of weeks to various quotes by Patrick Henry, such as "Give me liberty or give me death."[44] He began experimenting with making pipe bombs and other small explosive devices. The government imposed new firearms restrictions in 1994 which McVeigh believed threatened his livelihood.[41] McVeigh dissociated himself from his boyhood friend Steve Hodge by sending him a 23-page farewell letter. He proclaimed his devotion to the United States Declaration of Independence, explaining in detail what each sentence meant to him. McVeigh declared that: Those who betray or subvert the Constitution are guilty of sedition and/or treason, are domestic enemies and should and will be punished accordingly. It also stands to reason that anyone who sympathizes with the enemy or gives aid or comfort to said enemy is likewise guilty. I have sworn to uphold and defend the Constitution against all enemies, foreign and domestic and I will. And I will because not only did I swear to, but I believe in what it stands for in every bit of my heart, soul and being. I know in my heart that I am right in my struggle, Steve. I have come to peace with myself, my God and my cause. Blood will flow in the streets, Steve. Good vs. Evil. Free Men vs. Socialist Wannabe Slaves. Pray it is not your blood, my friend.[45] McVeigh felt the need to personally reconnoiter sites of rumored conspiracies. He visited Area 51 in order to defy government restrictions on photography and went to Gulfport, Mississippi, to determine the veracity of rumors about United Nations operations. These turned out to be false; the Russian vehicles on the site were being configured for use in U.N.-sponsored humanitarian aid efforts. Around this time, McVeigh and Nichols began making bulk purchases of ammonium nitrate, an agricultural fertilizer, for resale to survivalists, since rumors were circulating that the government was preparing to ban it.[46] Plan against federal building or individuals McVeigh told Fortier of his plans to blow up a federal building, but Fortier declined to participate. Fortier also told his wife about the plans.[47] McVeigh composed two letters to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, the first titled "Constitutional Defenders" and the second "ATF Read." He denounced government officials as "fascist tyrants" and "storm troopers," and warned: ATF, all you tyrannical mother fuckers will swing in the wind one day for your treasonous actions against the Constitution of the United States. Remember the Nuremberg War Trials.[48][4] McVeigh also wrote a letter to recruit a customer named Steve Colbern: A man with nothing left to lose is a very dangerous man and his energy/anger can be focused toward a common/righteous goal. What I'm asking you to do, then, is sit back and be honest with yourself. Do you have kids/wife? Would you back out at the last minute to care for the family? Are you interested in keeping your firearms for their current/future monetary value, or would you drag that '06 through rock, swamp and cactus... to get off the needed shot? In short, I'm not looking for talkers, I'm looking for fighters... And if you are a fed, think twice. Think twice about the Constitution you are supposedly enforcing (isn't "enforcing freedom" an oxymoron?) and think twice about catching us with our guard down – you will lose just like Degan did – and your family will lose.[49] McVeigh began announcing that he had progressed from the "propaganda" phase to the "action" phase. He wrote to his Michigan friend Gwenda Strider, "I have certain other 'militant' talents that are in short supply and greatly demanded."[50] McVeigh later said he considered "a campaign of individual assassination," with "eligible" targets including Attorney General Janet Reno, Judge Walter S. Smith Jr. of Federal District Court, who handled the Branch Davidian trial; and Lon Horiuchi, a member of the FBI hostage-rescue team, who shot and killed Vicki Weaver in a standoff at a remote cabin at Ruby Ridge, Idaho, in 1992.[51] He said he wanted Reno to accept "full responsibility in deed, not just words."[52] Such an assassination seemed too difficult,[53] and he decided that since federal agents had become soldiers, he should strike at them at their command centers.[54] According to McVeigh's authorized biography, he decided that he could make the loudest statement by bombing a federal building. After the bombing, he was ambivalent about his act and the deaths he caused; as he said in letters to his hometown newspaper, he sometimes wished that he had carried out a series of assassinations against police and government officials instead.[55] Oklahoma City bombing Main article: Oklahoma City bombing The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building two days after the Oklahoma City bombing Working at a lakeside campground near McVeigh's old Army post, he and Nichols constructed an ANFO explosive device mounted in the back of a rented Ryder truck. The bomb consisted of about 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg) of ammonium nitrate and nitromethane. On April 19, 1995, McVeigh drove the truck to the front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building just as its offices opened for the day. Before arriving, he stopped to light a two-minute fuse. At 09:02, a large explosion destroyed the north half of the building. It killed 168 people, including 19 children in the day care center on the second floor, and injured 684 others.[56] McVeigh said that he had not known that there was a daycare center on the second floor, and that he might have chosen a different target if he had known about it.[57][58] Nichols said that he and McVeigh did know about the daycare center in the building, and that they did not care.[59][60] McVeigh's biographers, Lou Michel and Dan Herbeck, spoke with McVeigh in interviews totaling 75 hours. He said about the victims: To these people in Oklahoma who have lost a loved one, I'm sorry but it happens every day. You're not the first mother to lose a kid, or the first grandparent to lose a grandson or a granddaughter. It happens every day, somewhere in the world. I'm not going to go into that courtroom, curl into a fetal ball and cry just because the victims want me to do that. During an interview in 2000 with Ed Bradley for television news magazine 60 Minutes, Bradley asked McVeigh for his reaction to the deaths of the nineteen children. McVeigh said: I thought it was terrible that there were children in the building.[61] According to the Oklahoma City Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT), more than 300 buildings in the city were damaged. More than 12,000 volunteers and rescue workers took part in the rescue, recovery and support operations following the bombing. In reference to theories that McVeigh had assistance from others, he responded with a well-known line from the film A Few Good Men, "You can't handle the truth!" He added, "Because the truth is, I blew up the Murrah Building and isn't it kind of scary that one man could wreak this kind of hell?"[62] Arrest and trial FBI forensic sketch compared to mugshot of McVeigh By tracing the vehicle identification number of a rear axle found in the wreckage, the FBI identified the vehicle as a Ryder rental box truck rented from Junction City, Kansas. Workers at the agency assisted an FBI artist in creating a sketch of the renter, who had used the alias "Robert Kling". The sketch was shown in the area. Lea McGown, manager of the local Dreamland Motel, identified the sketch as Timothy McVeigh.[63][64] Shortly after the bombing, while driving on Interstate 35 in Noble County, near Perry, Oklahoma, McVeigh was stopped by State Trooper Charles J. Hanger.[65] Hanger had passed McVeigh's yellow 1977 Mercury Marquis and noticed that it had no license plate. McVeigh admitted to the state trooper – who noticed a bulge under his jacket – that he had a gun; the trooper arrested him for driving without plates and possessing an illegal firearm. McVeigh's concealed weapon permit was not legal in Oklahoma. McVeigh was wearing a shirt at that time with a picture of Abraham Lincoln and the motto sic semper tyrannis ('Thus always to tyrants'), the supposed words shouted by John Wilkes Booth after he shot Lincoln.[66] On the back, it had a tree with a picture of three blood droplets and the Thomas Jefferson quote, "The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants."[67] Three days later, McVeigh was identified as the subject of the nationwide manhunt. McVeigh about to be led out of a Perry, Oklahoma, courthouse two days after the bombing On August 10, 1995, McVeigh was indicted on 11 federal counts, including conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction, use of a weapon of mass destruction, destruction with the use of explosives, and eight counts of first degree murder for the deaths of law enforcement officers.[68][69] On February 20, 1996, the Court granted a change of venue and ordered that the case be transferred from Oklahoma City to the District Court in Denver, to be presided over by District Judge Richard Paul Matsch.[70] McVeigh instructed his lawyers to use a necessity defense, but they ended up not doing so.[71] They would have had to prove that McVeigh was in "imminent danger" from the government. McVeigh argued that "imminent" did not necessarily mean "immediate." They would have argued that his bombing of the Murrah building was a justifiable response to what McVeigh believed were the crimes of the U.S. government at Waco, Texas, where the 51-day siege of the Branch Davidian complex resulted in the deaths of 76 Branch Davidians.[72] As part of the defense, McVeigh's lawyers showed the jury the controversial video Waco, the Big Lie.[73] On June 2, 1997, McVeigh was found guilty on all 11 counts of the federal indictment.[74] Although 168 people, including 19 children, were killed in the April 19, 1995, bombing, murder charges were brought against McVeigh for only the eight federal agents who were on duty when the bomb destroyed much of the Murrah Building. Along with the eight counts of murder, McVeigh was charged with conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction, and destroying a federal building. Oklahoma City District Attorney Bob Macy said he would file state charges in the other 160 murders after McVeigh's co-defendant, Terry Nichols, was tried. After the verdict, McVeigh tried to calm his mother by saying, "Think of it this way. When I was in the Army, you didn't see me for years. Think of me that way now, like I'm away in the Army again, on an assignment for the military."[75] On June 13, the jury recommended that McVeigh receive the death penalty.[76] The U.S. Department of Justice brought federal charges against McVeigh for causing the deaths of eight federal officers leading to a possible death penalty for McVeigh; they could not bring charges against McVeigh for the remaining 160 deaths in federal court because those deaths fell under the jurisdiction of the State of Oklahoma. Because McVeigh was convicted and sentenced to death, the State of Oklahoma did not file murder charges against McVeigh for the other 160 deaths.[77] Before the sentence was formally pronounced by Judge Matsch, McVeigh addressed the court for the first time and said: "If the Court please, I wish to use the words of Justice [Louis] Brandeis dissenting in Olmstead [v. United States] to speak for me. He wrote, 'Our Government is the potent, the omnipresent teacher. For good or for ill, it teaches the whole people by its example.' That's all I have."[78] Incarceration and execution McVeigh was held at USP Florence ADMAX in Colorado until 1999 McVeigh's death sentence was delayed pending an appeal. One of his appeals for certiorari, taken to the Supreme Court of the United States, was denied on March 8, 1999. McVeigh's request for a nationally televised execution was also denied. Entertainment Network Inc., an Internet company that produces adult-themed websites, unsuccessfully sued for the right to broadcast the execution.[79][80] At USP Florence ADMAX, McVeigh and Nichols were housed in what was known as "bomber's row". Ted Kaczynski, Luis Felipe, and Ramzi Yousef were also housed in this cell block. Yousef made frequent, unsuccessful attempts to convert McVeigh to Islam.[81] The day before his execution, McVeigh said in a letter to The Buffalo News: "I am sorry these people had to lose their lives, but that's the nature of the beast. It's understood going in what the human toll will be."[82] He said that if there turned out to be an afterlife, he would "improvise, adapt and overcome",[82] noting: "If there is a hell, then I'll be in good company with a lot of fighter pilots who also had to bomb innocents to win the war."[83] He also said: "I knew I wanted this before it happened. I knew my objective was state-assisted suicide and when it happens, it's in your face. You just did something you're trying to say should be illegal for medical personnel."[80] The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) transferred McVeigh from USP Florence ADMAX to the federal death row at USP Terre Haute in Terre Haute, Indiana, in 1999.[84] McVeigh dropped his remaining appeals, saying that he would rather die than spend the rest of his life in prison.[85] On January 16, 2001, the BOP set May 16 as McVeigh's execution date.[86] McVeigh said that his only regret was not completely destroying the federal building.[87] Six days prior to his scheduled execution, the FBI turned over thousands of documents of evidence it had previously withheld to McVeigh's attorneys. As a result, U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft announced McVeigh's execution would be stayed for one month.[85] The execution date was reset for June 11. McVeigh invited conductor David Woodard to perform Requiem Mass music on the eve of his execution. While acknowledging McVeigh's "horrible deed", Woodard consented, intending to "provide comfort".[88][89] McVeigh also requested a Catholic chaplain. His last meal consisted of two pints of mint chocolate chip ice cream.[90] McVeigh was held on federal death row at USP Terre Haute in Indiana after 1999 McVeigh chose William Ernest Henley's 1875 poem "Invictus" as his final written statement.[91][92] Just before the execution, when he was asked if he had a final statement, he declined. Jay Sawyer, a relative of one of the victims, wrote, "Without saying a word, he got the final word."[93] Larry Whicher, whose brother died in the attack, described McVeigh as having "a totally expressionless, blank stare. He had a look of defiance and that if he could, he'd do it all over again."[94] McVeigh was executed by lethal injection at 7:14 a.m. on June 11, 2001, the first federal prisoner to be executed since Victor Feguer was executed in Iowa on March 15, 1963.[95] On November 21, 1997, President Bill Clinton had signed S. 923, special legislation introduced by Senator Arlen Specter to bar McVeigh and other veterans convicted of capital crimes from being buried in any military cemetery.[96][97][98] His body was cremated at Mattox Ryan Funeral Home in Terre Haute. His ashes were given to his lawyer, who said "the final destination of McVeigh's remains would remain privileged forever."[8] McVeigh had written that he considered having them dropped at the site of the memorial where the building once stood, but decided that would be "too vengeful, too raw, too cold."[8] He had expressed willingness to donate organs, but was prohibited from doing so by prison regulations.[55] Psychiatrist John Smith concluded that McVeigh was "a decent person who had allowed rage to build up inside him to the point that he had lashed out in one terrible, violent act."[15] McVeigh's IQ was assessed at 126.[99] Associations According to CNN, his only known associations were as a registered Republican while in Buffalo, New York, in the 1980s, and a membership in the National Rifle Association while in the Army. After returning home from war he signed up for a trial membership in the KKK, although he did not ultimately continue with the Klan.[100] There is no conclusive evidence that he ever belonged to any other extremist groups.[101] Religious beliefs McVeigh was raised Roman Catholic.[102] During his childhood, he and his father attended Mass regularly.[103] McVeigh was confirmed at the Good Shepherd Church in Pendleton, New York, in 1985.[104] In a 1996 interview, McVeigh professed belief in "a God", although he said he had "sort of lost touch with" Catholicism and "I never really picked it up, however I do maintain core beliefs."[102] In McVeigh's biography American Terrorist, released in 2002, he stated that he did not believe in a hell and that science is his religion.[105][106] In June 2001, a day before the execution, McVeigh wrote a letter to the Buffalo News identifying himself as agnostic.[107] However, he took the last rites, administered by a priest, just before his execution.[108][109] Father Charles Smith ministered to McVeigh in his last moments on death row.[110] Motivations for the bombing McVeigh claimed that the bombing was revenge against the government for the sieges at Waco and Ruby Ridge.[111] McVeigh visited Waco during the standoff. While there, he was interviewed by student reporter Michelle Rauch, a senior journalism major at Southern Methodist University who was writing for the school paper. McVeigh expressed his objections over what was happening there.[101][112] McVeigh frequently quoted and alluded to the white supremacist novel The Turner Diaries; he claimed to appreciate its interest in firearms. Photocopies of pages sixty-one and sixty-two of The Turner Diaries were found in an envelope inside McVeigh's car. These pages depicted a fictitious mortar attack upon the U.S. Capitol in Washington.[113] In a 1,200-word essay[1] dated March 1998, from the federal maximum-security prison at Florence, Colorado, McVeigh claimed that the terrorist bombing was "morally equivalent" to U.S. military actions against Iraq and other foreign countries. The handwritten essay, submitted to and published by the alternative national news magazine Media Bypass, was distributed worldwide by the Associated Press on May 29, 1998. This was written in the midst of the 1998 Iraq disarmament crisis and a few months before Operation Desert Fox. On April 26, 2001, McVeigh wrote a letter to Fox News, "I Explain Herein Why I Bombed the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City", which explicitly laid out his reasons for the attack.[114] McVeigh read the novel Unintended Consequences (1996), and said that if it had come out a few years earlier, he would have given serious consideration to using sniper attacks in a war of attrition against the government instead of bombing a federal building.[115] Accomplices McVeigh's accomplice Terry Nichols was convicted and sentenced in federal court to life in prison for his role in the crime.[116] At Nichols' trial, evidence was presented indicating that others may have been involved.[117] Several residents of central Kansas, including real estate agent Georgia Rucker and a retired Army NCO, testified at Terry Nichols' federal trial that they had seen two trucks at Geary Lake State Park, where prosecutors alleged the bomb was assembled. The retired NCO said he visited the lake on April 18, 1995, but left after a group of surly men looked at him aggressively. The operator of the Dreamland Motel testified that two Ryder trucks had been parked outside her Grandview Plaza motel where McVeigh stayed in Room 26 the weekend before the bombing.[118] Terry Nichols is incarcerated at ADX Florence in Florence, Colorado.[119] Michael and Lori Fortier were also considered accomplices, due to their foreknowledge of the bombing. In addition to Michael assisting McVeigh in scouting the federal building, Lori had helped McVeigh laminate a fake driver's license which was used to rent the Ryder truck.[120] Fortier agreed to testify against McVeigh and Nichols in exchange for a reduced sentence and immunity for his wife.[121] He was sentenced on May 27, 1998, to twelve years in prison and fined $75,000 for failing to warn authorities about the bombing.[122] On January 20, 2006, Fortier was released for good behavior into the Witness Protection Program and given a new identity.[123] An ATF informant, Carol Howe, told reporters that shortly before the bombing she had warned her handlers that guests of the private community of Elohim City, Oklahoma,[124] were planning a major bombing attack.[125] McVeigh was issued a speeding ticket there at the same time.[126] Other than this speeding ticket, there is no evidence of a connection between McVeigh and members of the Midwest Bank Robbers at Elohim City.[127] Some witnesses claimed to have seen a second suspect, and there was a search for a "John Doe #2", but none was ever found.[128] In popular culture As part of the expanded timeline for the official website of the 2003 alternate universe movie C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America, McVeigh is a terrorist who bombed the Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C., in 1995. His execution is aired live on national television and is shown on pay-per-view where it gets many viewers.[129] In the 2012 alternate universe novel The Mirage, McVeigh is a CIA officer of the Evangelical Republic of Texas. Terry Nichols is mentioned as an associate. In the 2023 historical drama miniseries Waco: The Aftermath, McVeigh is portrayed by Alex Breaux.[7] In 2024, HBO produced the documentary An American Bombing: The Road to April 19th.[130] In the 2024 film McVeigh, he is played by Alfie Allen.[131] See also flagUnited States portalBiography portal Capital punishment by the United States federal government Capital punishment in the United States List of people executed by the United States federal government List of people executed in the United States in 2001 References Notes McVeigh, Timothy J. (June 1998). "An Essay on Hypocrisy". Media Bypass Magazine. Archived from the original on 1999-04-29. Retrieved September 4, 2018. "Resilience: Five forgotten facts about the Oklahoma City bombing". The Oklahoman. Russakoff, Dale; Kovaleski, Serge F. (July 2, 1995). "An Ordinary Boy's Extraordinary Rage". The Washington Post. p. A01. Archived from the original on 2011-01-31. Retrieved April 12, 2010. Ottley, Ted. "Imitating Turner". Timothy McVeigh & Terry Nichols: Oklahoma Bombing. TruTv. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2010. Shariat, Sheryll; Mallonee, Sue; Stephens-Stidham, Shelli (December 1998). "Oklahoma City Bombing Injuries" (PDF). Injury Prevention Service, Oklahoma State Department of Health. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-05-18. Retrieved 2014-08-09. "McVeigh biographers share 'chilling' audiotapes: Authors Michel and Herbeck reflect on McVeigh, OKC anniversary". NBC News. April 15, 2010. Retrieved April 22, 2010. Levine, Mike; Margolin, Josh; Hosenball, Alex; Wagnon Courts, Jenny (6 October 2020). "Nation's deadliest domestic terrorist inspiring new generation of hate-filled 'monsters,' FBI records show". ABC News. Retrieved 21 May 2022. "Timothy McVeigh dead". CNN. Archived from the original on 2016-01-01. Retrieved July 30, 2015. "Timothy McVeigh: Convicted Oklahoma City Bomber". CNN. March 29, 2001. Archived from the original on March 1, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2010. "Time on Death Row". Death Penalty Information Center. Archived from the original on 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2021-08-13. John O'Beirne Ranelagh (2012), A Short History of Ireland, p. 341 "Ancestry of Tim McVeigh". Wargs.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-02. Retrieved June 4, 2010. "McVeigh author Dan Herbeck quizzed". BBC News. June 11, 2001. Archived from the original on 2009-04-25. Retrieved March 28, 2010. "Inside McVeigh's mind". BBC News. June 11, 2001. Archived from the original on 2009-07-01. Retrieved March 28, 2010. "Profile: Timothy McVeigh". BBC News. May 11, 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-02-17. Retrieved March 28, 2010. Lou Michel and Dan Herbeck, American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh & the Tragedy at Oklahoma City (2002), pp. 31–32 "Timothy Mcveigh - From A Loner To Fanatic | The Seattle Times". archive.seattletimes.com. Retrieved 2022-11-17. Jacobs, Sally (June 10, 1995). "The Radicalization Of Timothy McVeigh". tulsaworld.com. Retrieved November 18, 2014. Chase, Alston (2004). A Mind for Murder: The Education of the Unabomber and the Origins of Modern Terrorism. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 370. ISBN 0393325563. Smith, Brent L., Damhousse, Kelly R. and Roberts, Paxton, Pre-Incident Indicators of Terrorist Incidents: The Identification of Behavioral, Geographic and Temporal Patterns of Preparatory Conduct, Document No.: 214217, May 2006, p. 234, found at NCJRS Government website Archived 2008-03-12 at the Wayback Machine, Scribd website Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine and DHS Government website[permanent dead link]. 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"McVeigh Says He Considered Killing Reno". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2022. "Ready for execution, McVeigh says he's sorry for deaths". The Oklahoman. June 9, 2001. Archived from the original on 2012-05-02. Retrieved June 6, 2022. "Oklahoma City Bombing Injuries" (PDF). Oklahoma State Department of Health. December 1998. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-05-18. Retrieved 2014-08-09. See Michel and Herbeck; cf. Walsh: Vidal, Gore (2002). Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace. Clairview. pp. 1, 81. ISBN 978-1902636382. Global Terrorism Database Archived 2008-06-29 at the Wayback Machine Romano, Lois; Kenworthy, Tom (April 25, 1997). "Prosecutor Paints McVeigh As 'Twisted' U.S. Terrorist". The Washington Post. p. A01. Archived from the original on 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2017-09-16. "McVeigh Vents On '60 Minutes'". CBS News. March 13, 2000. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved November 18, 2014. 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Count 1: "conspiracy to detonate a weapon of mass destruction" in violation of 18 USC § 2332a, culminating in the deaths of 168 people and destruction of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Count 2: "use of a weapon of mass destruction" in violation of 18 USC § 2332a (2)(a) & (b). Count 3: "destruction by explosives resulting in death", in violation of 18 USC § 844(f)(2)(a) & (b). Counts 4–11: first-degree murder in violation of 18 USC § 1111, 1114, & 2 and 28 CFR § 64.2(h), each count in connection to one of the eight law enforcement officers who were killed during the attack. "FindLaw's United States Tenth Circuit case and opinions". Findlaw. Retrieved 2022-02-14. Romano, Lois (May 12, 1997). "Richard Matsch Has a Firm Grip on His Gavel in the Oklahoma City Bombing Trial". National Special Report: Oklahoma Bombing Trial. Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2010-10-30. Retrieved April 15, 2010. "People In The News". CNN. February 7, 2001. 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The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2022-06-07. "A Chronology: The Oklahoma City Bombing and Trial of Timothy McVeigh". Archived from the original on 2016-01-21. Retrieved 2016-01-23. "The Complicated Defense of Timothy McVeigh". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on 2016-01-30. Retrieved 2016-01-23. Cross, Phil. "Did John Doe #2 exist? New book claims to solve decades-old mystery". KOKH. Archived from the original on 2018-07-22. Retrieved 2018-07-22. "C.S.A. The Movie Website". Archived from the original on 2007-01-15. Knolle, Sharon (April 16, 2024). "'American Bombing': How to Watch HBO Documentary About Oklahoma City Domestic Terrorism Attack". MSN. "McVeigh". Tribeca Festival. Archived from the original on May 30, 2024. Retrieved June 9, 2024. Further reading Jones, Stephen, and Peter Israel (2001). Others Unknown: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy. 2nd ed. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 1586480987. Madeira, Jody Lyneé (2012). Killing McVeigh: The Death Penalty and the Myth of Closure. New York: NYU Press. ISBN 978-0814796108. Michel, Lou, and Dan Herbeck (2001). American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing. New York: ReganBooks/HarperCollins. ISBN 0060394072. Stickney, Brandon M. (1996). "All-American Monster: The Unauthorized Biography of Timothy McVeigh". Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1573920889. Toobin, Jeffrey (2023). Homegrown: Timothy McVeigh and the Rise of Right-Wing Extremism. New York: Simon & Schuster. Vidal, Gore (2002). Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace: How We Got to Be So Hated. Thunder's Mouth Press/Nation Books. ISBN 156025405X. Wright, Stuart A. (2007). Patriots, Politics, and the Oklahoma City Bombing. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521872645. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Timothy McVeigh. Wikiquote has quotations related to Timothy McVeigh. "Bad Day Dawning" in "Criminals and Methods: Timothy McVeigh" at Court TV: Crime Library Timothy McVeigh's April 27, 2001 letter to reporter Rita Cosby – Explains why he bombed the Murrah Federal Building (posted on independence.net) Timothy McVeigh's Prison Dossier at The Smoking Gun The Timothy McVeigh Story: The Oklahoma Bomber at Court TV: Crime Library Voices of Oklahoma interview with Stephen Jones. First person interview conducted on January 27, 2010, with Stephen Jones, lawyer for Timothy McVeigh. Ted Kaczynski's letter to the writers of the book, American Terrorist Archived 2020-08-31 at the Wayback Machine – Critique of Timothy McVeigh by fellow inmate Unabomber Execution of Timothy McVeigh – USA Today Authority control databases Edit this at Wikidata International FASTISNIVIAF National NorwayGermanyIsraelUnited StatesCzech Republic People Deutsche Biographie Other NARASNAC 2 Categories: 1968 births2001 deaths20th-century American criminals21st-century executions by the United States federal government21st-century executions of American peopleAmerican conspiracy theoristsAmerican male criminalsAmerican murderers of childrenAmerican people of Irish descentAmerican people executed for murdering police officersExecuted American mass murderersBombers (people)Bryant and Stratton College alumniCrime in OklahomaExecuted people from New York (state)Right-wing terrorismInmates of ADX FlorenceMilitary personnel from New York (state)Oklahoma City bombingPatriot movementPeople convicted of murder by the United States federal governmentPeople convicted on terrorism chargesMale murderersPeople executed by the United States federal government by lethal injectionPeople from Lockport, New YorkUnited States Army non-commissioned officersUnited States Army personnel of the Gulf War

Alternative theories have been proposed regarding the Oklahoma City bombing. These theories reject all, or part of, the official government report. Some of these theories focus on the possibility of additional co-conspirators that were never indicted or additional explosives planted inside the Murrah Federal building. Other theories allege that government employees and officials, including US President Bill Clinton, knew of the impending bombing and intentionally failed to act on that knowledge. Further theories allege that the bombing was perpetrated by government forces to frame and stigmatize the militia movement, which had grown following the controversial federal handlings of the Ruby Ridge and Waco incidents, and regain public support. Government investigations have been opened at various times to look into the theories. Overview Main article: Oklahoma City bombing The bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City was one of the deadliest acts of terrorism in American history. At 9:02 a.m. CST April 19, 1995, a Ryder rental truck containing more than 6,200 pounds (2,800 kg)[1] of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, nitromethane, and diesel fuel mixture was detonated in front of the north side of the nine-story Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.[2] The attack claimed 168 lives and left over 600 people injured.[3] Shortly after the explosion, Oklahoma State Trooper Charlie Hanger stopped 26-year-old Timothy McVeigh for driving a 1977 Mercury sedan without a license plate and arrested him for that offense and for unlawfully carrying a weapon.[4] Within days, McVeigh's old army friend Terry Nichols was arrested and both men were charged with committing the bombing. Investigators determined that they were sympathizers of a militia movement and that their motive was to retaliate against the government's handling of the Waco and Ruby Ridge incidents (the bombing occurred on the second anniversary of the Waco incident). McVeigh was executed by lethal injection on June 11, 2001 while Nichols was sentenced to life in prison. Although the indictment against McVeigh and Nichols alleged that they conspired with "others unknown to the grand jury", prosecutors, and later McVeigh himself, said the bombing was solely the work of McVeigh and Nichols. In this scenario, the two obtained fertilizer and other explosive materials over a period of months and then assembled the bomb in Kansas the day prior to its detonation. After assembly, McVeigh allegedly drove the truck alone to Oklahoma City, lit the fuse, and fled in a getaway car he had parked in the area days prior. Additional conspirators Several witnesses reported seeing a second person with McVeigh around the time of the bombing, whom investigators later called "John Doe 2".[5] In 1997, the FBI arrested Michael Brescia, a member of Aryan Republican Army, who resembled an artist's rendering of John Doe 2 based on the eyewitness accounts. However, they later released him, reporting that their investigation had indicated he was not involved with the bombing.[6] One reporter for The Washington Post reflected on the fact that a John Doe 2 has never been found: "Maybe he'll (John Doe 2) be captured and convicted someday. If not, he'll remain eternally at large, the one who got away, the mystery man at the center of countless conspiracy theories. It's possible that he never lived. It's likely that he'll never die."[6] Carol Howe, an informant for the Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms who had infiltrated the white supremacist enclave Elohim City, Oklahoma, filed a report in January 1995 stating that Andreas Strassmeir, Elohim City's security chief, had spoken about destroying a Federal building and had visited the Murrah building with another man.[7] Two days after the bombing, Howe reminded the ATF of the earlier report and urged investigation into a possible connection to Elohim City. McVeigh is known to have telephoned Elohim City two weeks before the bombing.[8] Jane Graham, a Housing and Urban Development employee at the Murrah building who survived the bombing, later stated that in the days before the bombing she had observed multiple suspicious persons who she suspected may have been involved (such as unfamiliar persons in maintenance or military uniforms), but that her observations were ignored by authorities.[9] Graham later identified one of these men as Andreas Strassmeir of Elohim City.[10] There are several theories that McVeigh and Nichols had a possible foreign connection or co-conspirators.[11][12] This was because Terry Nichols traveled through the Philippines while Ramzi Yousef, who committed the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, was planning his Bojinka plot in Manila.[11][13] Ramzi Yousef placed the bomb used in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing inside a rented Ryder van, the same rental company used by McVeigh, indicating a possible foreign link to Al-Qaeda.[14] Other theories link McVeigh with Islamic terrorists, the Japanese government, and German neo-Nazis.[15][16] Nichols specifically alluded to other conspirators in 2006 declaration: "There are others who assisted McVeigh whose identifies are unknown to me," but Nichols also identified two "co-conspirators".[17] In addition to unknown persons, Nichols believed Andreas Strassmeir was an agent provocateur, and FBI agent Larry A. Potts was involved in the bombing plot. Nichols went on to deny any connection to terrorist groups in the Philippines. The FBI did not reply to media requests for comment on Nichols' allegation.[18] There has also been speculation that an unmatched leg found at the bombing site may have belonged to an unidentified, additional bomber.[19] It was claimed that this bomber was either in the building when the bombing occurred, or had previously been murdered, and McVeigh had left his body in the back of the Ryder truck to hide it in the explosion.[20][21] Additional explosives One theory contends there was a cover-up of the existence of additional explosives planted within the Murrah building.[22] The theory focuses on the local news channels reporting the existence of a second and third bomb within the first few hours of the explosion.[22][23][24] Theorists point to nearby seismographs that recorded two tremors from the bombing, believing it to indicate two bombs had been used.[25] Experts dispute this, stating that the first tremor was a result of the bomb, while the second tremor was due to the collapse of the building.[15][25][26][27] Conspiracy theorists say that there are several discrepancies, such as a proposed inconsistency between the observed destruction and the bomb used by McVeigh. Physicist Samuel T. Cohen, known as the primary inventor of the neutron bomb, stated in a letter to an Oklahoma politician that he did not believe a fertilizer bomb was capable of causing the destruction at the Murrah building.[28] Similarly, Air Force Brigadier General Benton K. Partin expressed an opinion that there must have been additional explosive charges inside the Murrah building.[29] US federal government involvement Murrah Building during the recovery effort Another theory alleged that President Bill Clinton had either known about the bombing in advance or had approved the bombing.[30][31] It is also believed that the bombing was done by the government to frame the militia movement or enact antiterrorism legislation while using McVeigh as a scapegoat.[15][30][31][32] Still other theories claim that McVeigh conspired with the CIA in plotting the bombing.[15][16] In a 1993 letter to his sister, published by The New York Times in 1998, McVeigh claimed that during his time at Fort Bragg he and nine others were recruited into a secret black ops team that smuggled drugs into the United States to fund covert activities and "were to work hand-in-hand with civilian police agencies to quiet anyone whom was deemed a security risk. (We would be gov't-paid assassins!)"[33] In a 2001 declaration[34] Terry Nichols, McVeigh's convicted co-conspirator, also alleged that McVeigh reported in December 1992 how he "had been recruited to carry out undercover missions"Paragraph 10 which initially involved visiting gun shows and making contact with a loose network of anti-government and far-right sympathizers. This undercover activity allegedly escalated to armed robberies and a planned bombing under the direction of FBI agent Larry A. Potts.Paragraph 33 David Paul Hammer, a convicted murderer in the same facility as McVeigh for about two years, reported that McVeigh stated similar allegations to him: that McVeigh was an "undercover operative" for the Department of Defense, and that Andreas Strassmeir was a similar operative but with "a different handler" and they had worked together in planning the bombing.[35][non-primary source needed] Middle Eastern involvement The Third Terrorist: The Middle East Connection to the Oklahoma City Bombing by journalist Jayna Davis about evidence of Oklahoma City bombing was published in April 2004 by Nelson Current Publishers, and became a New York Times best-seller. The Justice Department initially sought, but then abandoned its search for, a Middle East suspect. In contrast to conspiracy theories that the bombing was a false flag attack perpetrated by elements of the US government or white supremacists in Elohim City, the book presents a theory that links the Oklahoma City bombers to agents of Iraq and Al-Qaeda, operating under Iranian state sponsorship.[36][37] Investigations In 2006, US Congressman Dana Rohrabacher said that the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the U.S. House Committee on International Relations, which he chaired, would investigate whether the Oklahoma City bombers had assistance from foreign sources.[14] On December 28, 2006, when asked about fueling conspiracy theories with his questions and criticism, Rohrabacher told CNN: "There's nothing wrong with adding to a conspiracy theory when there might be a conspiracy, in fact."[38] Among other unresolved questions, Rohrabacher also criticized the FBI for not explaining how Nichols, who did not work steadily, paid for his several trips to the Philippines and had $20,000 cash; for not finding explosives concealed in Nichols's house until a decade after the bombing; for not explaining the "rush to rule out the existence of John Doe Number 2"; and for not thoroughly investigating possible connections between McVeigh and the Aryan Republican Army and Andreas Strassmeir.[39] In March 2007, Danny Coulson, who served as deputy assistant director of FBI at the time of attacks, voiced his concerns and called for reopening of investigation.[40] On September 28, 2009, Jesse Trentadue, a Salt Lake City attorney, released security tapes that he obtained from the FBI through the Freedom of Information Act that show the Murrah building before and after the blast from four security cameras. The tapes are blank at points before 9:02 am, the time of detonation. Trentadue said that the government's explanation for the missing footage is that the tape was being replaced at the time. Said Trentadue, "Four cameras in four different locations going blank at the same time on the morning of April 19, 1995. There ain't no such thing as a coincidence."[41][42] Trentadue became interested in the case when his brother, Kenneth Michael Trentadue, died in federal custody, during what Trentadue believes was an interrogation because Kenneth was mistaken for a possible conspirator in the Oklahoma City bombing.[43] In a civil suit, the court determined Trentadue's injuries could have been self-inflicted and rejected the Trentadue family claim that he was murdered. However, the family was awarded $1.1 million for emotional distress on the findings the Bureau of Prisons mismanaged the investigation and aftermath of Trentadue's death.[44] In November 2014, John R. Schindler, a former professor at the Naval War College and National Security Agency intelligence officer, wrote "It would be good if a serious re-look at OKBOMB’s many unanswered questions were established for the event", because of "the existence of important evidence indicating there’s something we should be talking about". He stated that when he participated in a reexamination by the United States Intelligence Community after the September 11 attacks of possible foreign involvement with recent terrorist attacks, he found "as Rohrabacher’s investigators did a few years later, that the FBI and DoJ had no interest in anyone peeking into the case, which they considered closed, indeed tightly shut. Even in Top Secret channels, avenues were blocked". While cautioning that the bombing "has attracted more than its share of charlatans and self-styled experts, some of whom are eager to pin the bombing on Arabs, Masons, Jews, and perhaps space aliens", Schindler urged a resumption of Rohrabacher's investigation and cited two issues as notable: McVeigh's and Nichols's visits to the Philippines, and the activities of a German national and friend of McVeigh.[45] See also Arlington Road List of terrorist incidents Lone wolf (terrorism) 1941 Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory 1962 Operation Northwoods; 1956-1990 Operation Gladio; Operation Gladio B; etc. 1963 John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident 1994 AMIA bombing 1995 Oklahoma City bombing 1995 Oklahoma City bombing conspiracy theories The Third Terrorist: The Middle East Connection to the Oklahoma City Bombing, a non-fiction book Richard Snell, CSA member executed on April 19, 1995. 1999 Columbine High School Massacre 1999+ Able Danger 2001 Shijiazhuang bombings 2001/9/11 September 11 attacks 9/11 Truth movement 9/11 conspiracy theories Opinion polls about 9/11 conspiracy theories Osama bin Laden death conspiracy theories Operation Terror, a 2012 thriller film fictionalizing 9/11 2004 Madrid train bombings controversies 2005 London July bombings conspiracy theories 2011 Norway attacks 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories, people who thought the school shooting was a false flag government attack False flag References Rogers, J. David; Keith D. Koper. "Some Practical Applications of Forensic Seismology" (PDF). Missouri University of Science and Technology. pp. 25–35. Retrieved March 24, 2009. Thomas, Jo (April 30, 1996). "For First Time, Woman Says McVeigh Told of Bomb Plan". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2009. Shariat, Sheryll; Sue Mallonee; Shelli Stephens-Stidham (December 1998). "Oklahoma City Bombing Injuries" (PDF). Injury Prevention Service, Oklahoma State Department of Health. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-18. Retrieved 2014-08-09. Ottley, Ted (April 14, 2005). "License Tag Snag". truTV. Archived from the original on August 29, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2009. Posner, Gerald (2013-03-09). The Third Man: Was there another bomber in Oklahoma City?. Satya ePublishing Inc. ASIN B00BRV9ORG. is the draft of a 1997 article submitted to The New Yorker about John Doe 2, and it weighs the evidence for and against another conspirator. Carlson, Peter (March 23, 1997). "In all the speculation and spin surrounding the Oklahoma City bombing, John Doe 2 has become a legend — the central figure in countless conspiracy theories that attempt to explain an incomprehensible horror. Did he ever really exist?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2009. Mark S. Hamm Crimes Committed by Terrorist Groups: Theory, Research, and Prevention. DIANE Publishing, p. 207. Hastings, Deborah (23 February 1997). "Elohim City on Extremists' Underground Railroad". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-05-13. Donald Jeffries (2016). Hidden History: An Exposé of Modern Crimes, Conspiracies, and Cover-Ups in American Politics. Skyhorse Publishing; Chapter 6: "The Clinton Years" David Hoffman (1998). The Oklahoma City Bombing and the Politics of Terror. Feral House. Krall, Jay (June 18, 2002). "Conspiracy buffs see Padilla, Oklahoma City link". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved March 24, 2009. Cosby, Rita; Clay Rawson; Peter Russo (April 17, 2005). "Did Oklahoma City Bombers Have Help?". Fox News. Archived from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2009. Berger, J.M. "Did Nichols and Yousef meet?". Intelwire.com. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2009. Rohrabacher, Dana; Phaedra Dugan. "The Oklahoma City Bombing: Was There A Foreign Connection?" (PDF). Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the House International Relations Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2009. Knight, Peter. Conspiracy Theories in American Hisw/tory. pp. 554–555. Hamm, Mark S. Apocalypse in Oklahoma. p. 205. "Declaration of Terry Lynn Nichols" (PDF). dissentradio.com. Retrieved 2024-06-01. "Nichols says bombing was FBI op". 22 February 2007. Thomas, Jo (May 23, 1997). "McVeigh Defense Team Suggests Real Bomber Was Killed in Blast". The New York Times. Retrieved June 5, 2009. Hamm, Mark S. In Bad Company. p. 228. Hamm, Mark S. Apocalypse in Oklahoma. p. 240. Taibbi, Matt (October 24, 2006). "The Low Post: Murrah Redux". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on November 9, 2006. Retrieved April 5, 2009. "From KWTV: Breaking News: Oklahoma City Explosion". CNN Live. April 19, 1995. "Local Coverage: Oklahoma City Explosion". KYVTV Channel 9. April 19, 1995. Stickney, Brandon M. All-American Monster. p. 265. "Nichols' Lawyers Say Government Leaked Information to the Media". Rocky Mountain News. September 20, 1997. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved April 6, 2009. "Blast "Theories" Irritate Bomb Expert". The Oklahoman. September 24, 1995. Retrieved August 20, 2024. "It would have been absolutely impossible and against the laws of nature for a truck full of fertilizer and fuel oil ... no how much was used ... to bring the building down." As quoted by Gore Vidal (2002) Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace: How We Got to Be So Hated, PublicAffairs, p. 120; ellipses as in original text. "When I first saw the pictures of the truck-bomb's asymmetrical damage to the Federal building, my immediate reaction was the pattern of damage would have been technically impossible without supplementing demolition charges at some of the reinforcing concrete column bases....For a simplistic blast truck-bomb, of the size and composition reported, to be able to reach out in the order of 60 feet and collapse a reinforced column base the size of column A-7 is beyond credulity." Vidal (2002), pp. 119-120; ellipses as in original text Crothers, Lane. Rage on the Right. pp. 135–136. Hamm, Mark S. Apocalypse in Oklahoma. p. 219. Sturken, Marita. Tourists of History. p. 159. Jo Thomas (July 1, 1998) McVeigh Letters Before Blast Show the Depth of His Anger, The New York Times, accessed 21 April 2018 Declaration of Terry Lynn Nichols Archived 2018-04-21 at the Wayback Machine, Filed Feb 21, 2001 with the US District Court "Declaration of David Paul Hammer" (PDF). dissentradio.com. Staff. "Author links man arrested in Quincy to the subject of her book on Oklahoma City bombing". The Patriot Ledger, Quincy, MA. Retrieved 2021-07-27. Crogan, Jim (7 July 2005). "The Rohrabacher Test, Congressman questions Terry Nichols about Oklahoma City bombing". LA Weekly. Archived from the original on 2012-09-24. Retrieved 2012-07-04. Edwards, David; Ron Brynaert (December 28, 2006). "CNN: Is GOP Rep. 'fueling' Oklahoma City bombing conspiracy theories?". TheRawStory.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2009. "In retrospect, it is not clear if federal law enforcement expended an adequate amount of time or effort exploring the links between the Aryan bank robbers, Andreas Strassmeir and Timothy McVeigh. For nearly a year after the bombing, the FBI did not interview Strassmeir. Only when he had fled the country was he queried briefly on the phone by the FBI. The agents apparently accepted his denial of any relationship with McVeigh, and there is no evidence of any further investigation into this possible link." "Call to reopen Oklahoma bomb case". BBC News. March 2, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2009. Nolan, Clay (September 28, 2009). "Secret footage specifies chaos minutes after the Oklahoma City Bombings". The Oklahoman. Archived from the original on September 30, 2009. Retrieved September 28, 2009. "Material missing from Okla. bombing tapes, lawyer says". USA Today. Associated Press. September 27, 2009. Retrieved September 28, 2009. Witt, Howard (2006-12-10). "To him, Murrah blast isn't solved: Lawyer investigating 1995 Oklahoma City attack says loose ends indicate likelihood of neo-Nazi connections". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2008-12-14.[dead link] Dannenberg, John E. "$1.1 Million FTCA Emotional Distress Award in BOP Suicide Death Upheld, Even Though Murder by Guards Suspected". Prison Legal News. Retrieved 3 March 2022. Schindler, John R. (2014-11-17). "Lingering OKBOMB Questions". The XX Committee. Retrieved 17 November 2014. Further reading flagOklahoma portaliconLaw portalflagUnited States portaliconPolitics portalicon1990s portal Hammer, David Paul, 2010. Deadly Secrets: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. ISBN 978-1-4520-0363-4. Crothers, Lane. Rage on the Right: The American Militia Movement from Ruby Ridge to Homeland Security. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. ISBN 0-7425-2546-5. Hamm, Mark S. Apocalypse in Oklahoma: Waco and Ruby Ridge Revenged. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1997. ISBN 1-55553-300-0. Hamm, Mark S. In Bad Company: America's Terrorist Underground. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2002. ISBN 1-55553-492-9. Israel, Peter, Jones, Stephen. Others Unknown: Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Bombing Conspiracy. New York: PublicAffairs, 2001. ISBN 978-1-58648-098-1. Knight, Peter. Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1-57607-812-4. Stickney, Brandon M. All-American Monster: The Unauthorized Biography of Timothy McVeigh. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1996. ISBN 1-57392-088-6. Sturken, Marita. Tourists of History: Memory, Kitsch, and Consumerism from Oklahoma City to Ground Zero. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007. ISBN 0-8223-4103-4. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oklahoma City bombing. Voices of Oklahoma interview with Stephen Jones. Interview with Stephen Jones, public defender for Timothy McVeigh and author of Others Unknown: The Oklahoma City Bombing Case and Conspiracy. Conducted January 27, 2010. 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An address to the “No to Agenda 2030” conference in Rome, Italy

The Forgotten History of USOs: What Underwater “UFOs” mean to our Understanding of the Alien Presence - 2023 Contact in the Desert UAMN TV Exclusive - As land-based creatures we tend to forget that most of the planet is covered by water. The 20th and 21st centuries, however, have an enormous history of inexplicable technologies operating throughout all of Earth’s bodies of water, from large oceans to lakes, rivers, and even small reservoirs and ponds. Many instances have shown them to be transmedium objects, meaning they can operate in water as well as the atmosphere. The evidence and testimony regarding this phenomenon is extremely compelling. UFO historian Richard Dolan will review the extraordinary history of USOs (unidentified submersible objects) from around the world and discuss the implications of the presence of such remarkable objects in our world.

Length: 104MIN Richard Dolan, 2011 #darkskyfiles #uap #secret #secretspacetube #government #nasa

This video is the part of docuseries namely False Flags with Richard Dolan which is streaming on Gaia. Originally, this video is collected from Telegram channel named, "Gaia English Official Full Videos".

This video is the part of docuseries namely False Flags with Richard Dolan which is streaming on Gaia. Originally, this video is collected from Telegram channel named, "Gaia English Official Full Videos".

This video is the part of docuseries namely False Flags with Richard Dolan which is streaming on Gaia. Originally, this video is collected from Telegram channel named, "Gaia English Official Full Videos".

This video is the part of docuseries namely False Flags with Richard Dolan which is streaming on Gaia. Originally, this video is collected from Telegram channel named, "Gaia English Official Full Videos".

This video is the part of docuseries namely False Flags with Richard Dolan which is streaming on Gaia. Originally, this video is collected from Telegram channel named, "Gaia English Official Full Videos".

This video is the part of docuseries namely False Flags with Richard Dolan which is streaming on Gaia. Originally, this video is collected from Telegram channel named, "Gaia English Official Full Videos".

This video is the part of docuseries namely False Flags with Richard Dolan which is streaming on Gaia. Originally, this video is collected from Telegram channel named, "Gaia English Official Full Videos".

This video is the part of docuseries namely False Flags with Richard Dolan which is streaming on Gaia. Originally, this video is collected from Telegram channel named, "Gaia English Official Full Videos".

This video is the part of docuseries namely False Flags with Richard Dolan which is streaming on Gaia. Originally, this video is collected from Telegram channel named, "Gaia English Official Full Videos".

Guest: Richard Dolan, UFO Historian, researcher & author Host: Jay Anderson, Founder of Project Unity Full Interview https://youtu.be/aItytKoQ00I Become a Patreon and access our Discord Server https://www.patreon.com/ProjectUnity Support us with a donation through PayPal https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/ProjectUnityPay Check out Project Unity Merchandise https://projectunity.myspreadshop.com Follow us on Twitter https://twitter.com/TheProjectUnity Contact Jay Jay.Unity@Protonmail.com Project Unity is proud to be sponsored by Coeus Institute https://coeus.institute

Timothy Alberino July 27, 2023 Congress UFO Disclosure with Timothy Alberino and Richard Dolan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQD958Cjmyo July 26, 2023, was a truly historic day. The House Committee on Oversight and Accountability conducted a remarkable hearing on "Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency" during which members of the committee posed questions to three witnesses, Ryan Graves, David Fravor, and David Grusch. Graves and Fravor were both Airforce pilots who had personally encountered UFOs during training missions, and Grusch is an official whistleblower from the intelligence community. In this riveting conversation, Timothy Alberino and Richard Dolan discuss the implications of the Congressional hearing on UFOs, official disclosure of the alien presence, a breakaway civilization, and much more. Follow Richard Dolan on YouTube / @richardmdolan Timothy A

This is from 2018 with Richard Dolan and I found he did more research into it than anyone I came across. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4tWrWhxJTk James Forrestal was the very 1st United States Secretary of Defense from September 17, 1947 – March 28, 1949. It wasn't long after his March 28th 1949 departure from the Truman Government that he would be signed into the "BETHASDA NAVAL HOSPITAL" in Maryland against his will and found dead on May 22nd 1949 having "apparently" jumped to his death from the 16th floor just as his brother was to have him released from this hospital. James Forrestal was under immense STRESS knowing something and believed people were following him and going to kill him.

Timothy Alberino Mar 16, 2024 The Pentagon is Lying about UFOs | Timothy Alberino and Richard Dolan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDRsSbL9QtQ The Pentagon is brazenly lying about UFOs. Timothy Alberino and Richard Dolan discuss the deceptive AARO report on Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP). Purchase Birthright by Timothy Alberino https://amzn.com/dp/B08M83XF8W/

EXCLUSIVE: Dr. Robert Malone Warns Monkeypox Is Psychological Bioterrorism / We Are In A Fight Between Good & Evil

Get a FREE signed copy of my book! Pay for an annual subscription to my substack for $50 and I will send you a signed copy of my book, A Warning From History. https://bloodyhistory.substack.com Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/cory-hughes-bloody-history--5875229/support Substack - https://bloodyhistory.substack.com Cashapp - $BTC2020 If you are interested in a signed copy of the book, I have softcovers available for $50 shipped domestically and hardcovers for $75 shipped domestically. Shipping to Canada and Worldwide is expensive so be preparded. Website: https://coryhughes.org Buy my new book, A Warning From History on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CL14VQY6 Support my work, buy the eBook and My personal notes: https://buymeacoffee.com/jfkbook

Video sponsor - https://oxnylia.org The Reveal - The Next Stage Of Human Awareness - Pre-Order Now At - https://shop.davidicke.com/product/the-reveal/ Sign up to the brand new Ickonic Media Platform at - https://www.ickonic.com All David's Books Now Available Here https://shop.davidicke.com Latest News From David Icke - www.davidicke.com Social Media https://www.twitter.com/davidicke https://www.gettr.com/user/RealDavidIcke http://t.me/davidickeofficial https://www.minds.com/davidickeofficiall https://parler.com/davidicke https://vk.com/davidicke

**The Banned Video from 2020!** Dark Journalist X-Series 92: Secret Missions NASA In The HotZone Atlantis Rising! July 10, 2020 This Dark Journalist Video was banned from YouTube and Several Platforms for revealing the NASA Investigations into lost ruins in teh HotZone between Cuba and Bimini! Topics: UFO File - X Protect - HotZone THE ORIGINAL VIDEO: DARK JOURNALIST X-SERIES 92 SECRET MISSIONS IN THE HOTZONE! Join us for a special LiveStream as Dark Journalist will take a deep dive into Secret NASA Missions in The HotZone to locate ancient ruins between Cuba and Yucatan using advanced space imaging technology, The predictions of Edgar Cayce about land rising near Bimini and the Atlantis Hall of Records have set off a decades long geopolitical battle to find the secret TUAOI power source by governments all over the world. Dark Journalist has talked to insiders who say those that are operating in the HotZone for Private or Military purposes need to sign a highly restrictive NDA not to discuss the ruins of the advanced civilizations they see in their operations. Featuring Live QA with DJ and Miss Olivia! JOIN US ONLINE: Website: https://www.darkjournalist.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/DarkJournalist Telegram (New) https://t.me/realdarkjournalist

DARK JOURNALIST: THE BANNED JIM MARRS INTERVIEW ON 9/11 FROM 2016! EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW REVEALED PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN FACTS THE EXPLOSIVE VIDEO THAT WAS BANNED ACROSS MULTIPLE PLATFORMS! The late Jim Marrs was a best-selling author and widely respected journalist who investigated many official cover-ups and the covert aspects of the modern political world. In the many conversations he had with Dark Journalist Daniel Liszt he revealed his frustration with his publishers resistance to him giving out the full facts of the 9/11 Attacks on the World Trade Centers Twin Towers and Pentagon. They decided to do a Breakthrough Episode that would include all fo the Controversial Information and missing pieces to the official story of the 9/11 event including the use of the Doomsday Plane in NYC and Washington D.C., and the Continuity of Government (COG) plans that were invoked. Here in its entirety from 2016 is the Dark Journalist Interview with Jim Marrs that was Banned on Multiple Platforms and has been restored here from the Archives. NOTICE: ****DO NOT COPY OR RE-UPLOAD THIS VIDEO**** For More Videos https://www.Youtube.com/DarkJournalist https://DarkJournalist.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/DarkJournalist Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DarkJournalist Join Us On Telegram (New) https://t.me/realdarkjournalist SUPPORT DARK JOURNALIST NOW! We are 100 Percent Independent and Supported by Viewers like YOU! You can make sure this important work continues by subscribing to Dark Journalist here: https://darkjournalist.com/s-subscribe.php SPECIAL DARK JOURNALIST X-PROTECT UFO ASSASSINS DOCUMENTARY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1S8G_mep6ME

In this Grand Theft World video, Richard goes over a few clips showcasing the new video of Crooks and the roof and providing his analysis. Entire episode here: https://rumble.com/v59qath-grand-theft-world-podcast-195-aesthetic-terrorism.html Archive of ALL GTW Episodes: https://grandtheftworld.com/gtw-podcast/ Sign up for the Very Independent Producer Summit 4 on Saturday, September 7, 2024 10:00 AM CST here: https://www.universityofreason.com/autonomy-vip-summit-4 Checkout Mindset 3’s replay here: https://www.universityofreason.com/autonomy-mindset-3 Grand Theft World podcast is an educational series providing a world-class education based on historical context, artifacts and evidence to un-distort weekly news, leaving the audience with a non-contradictory understanding of reality. Livestreaming Weekly: Sunday Nights | 9:30PM Eastern - 5AM: https://www.GrandTheftWorld.com/live Freedom and Cognitive Liberty are not a sprint, they are a super-marathon; Long Attention Spans Win the Day and are Rewarded with Understanding and the currency of Wisdom to share with others. From Grand Theft World Podcast Episode 193. For the full episode replay, download, and show notes, visit: https://grandtheftworld.com/ Get Richard's Freedom Vault: https://getautonomy.info/freedomvault Use Clip Genie Here: https://clipgenie.com/GTW Gauge Your Autonomy In 3 Minutes https://z1lpt9818lr.typeform.com/autonomy To watch the Grand Theft World live stream, create your FREE Rokfin account @ https://rokfin.com/RichardGrove Streaming live on Sunday nights at 9:30 pm ET! Join a diverse community of people who seek to learn about the bigger picture and adapt to navigating current events, blazing a new path to the truth in the GTW Community: https://grandtheftworld.com/sign-up/

Matt Taibbi is an award-winning investigative reporter and one of America’s more recognizable literary voices. His newsletter Racket News on Substack, is popular among readers all across the political spectrum. He also co-hosts the podcast America This Week. Watch more here: https://watchtcn.co/49CDF2t Paid partnership with Heritage Foundation. Heritage.org/Tucker Paid partnership with Hallow Prayer App. Get three months free at Hallow.com/Tucker. Paid partnership with Black Rifle Coffee. Follow Tucker on X: https://x.com/TuckerCarlson Text “TUCKER” to 44055 for exclusive updates. #TuckerCarlson #MattTaibbi #DonaldTrump #TwitterFiles #CIA #censorship #Obama #Putin #Russia #nuclearwar #JimmyKimmel #FBI #JoeBiden #politics #news Chapters: 00:00 Intro 03:22 The Rise and Fall of Journalism 14:12 Putin's Rise to Power 25:22 Western Media's Ties to Government 36:40 Post-9/11 America 51:04 The Twitter Files 1:02:06 Donald Trump and Russiagate 1:26:16 Intel agencies and elections 1:39:42 War Games 2:10:10 Will They Put Matt Taibbi In Jail?

A man shot two people in Panama, and the entire facade fell apart. Or did it? Here's why the Panama protest shooting is NOT what it seems. SOURCES: Archive of Mossack Darlington: https://web.archive.org/web/20140426081537/https://www.mossackdarlington.com/ Wordpress with all sources related to Jennifer Mossack: https://youradvocateforjustice.wordpress.com Mossack Fonseca linked to foreign politicians and terrorist organizations: https://panamaamerica.com.pa/tema-del-dia/mossack-fonseca-deeply-entrenched-foreign-service-1021167 Offshore leak nodes for Jennifer: https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/nodes/11003628 Offshore leak nodes for Darlington/JTC: https://offshoreleaks.icij.org/nodes/10157083 Full Panama Leak Files: https://panamapapers.investigativecenters.org/ That creepy Army Psyop video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_uNPZKJqbE8 Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/bxstreams Kick: https://kick.com/bxstreams Twitter: https://twitter.com/bx_on_x YouTube (Fan Account): https://www.youtube.com/@BXBullet Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/bxonpatreon

The Assassination Attempt

Welcome to the most groundbreaking documentary ever created about the UFO subculture! During the COVID-19 lockdown, an idea was born out of curiosity and the need to explore the unknown. Dive into the world of ufologists and experiencers with me, AlienGirl111, as I investigate and celebrate the incredible personalities within this fascinating community. Over countless interviews, I have had the privilege to speak with some of the most renowned figures in the UFO field, including Alex Dietrich, Gary Voorhis, Nick Pope, and many more. This documentary captures the essence of our conversations, shedding light on the shared truths and experiences that bind us all. Join us on this extraordinary journey to uncover the mysteries of the universe and to celebrate the vibrant and diverse individuals who make the UFO subculture so unique. This is more than just a documentary—it's a tribute to the quest for truth and the people who passionately pursue it. Don't miss out on what promises to be the greatest documentary about the UFO subculture ever created. Subscribe to AlienGirl111 and hit the notification bell! LinkTree https://linktr.ee/aliengirl111 Got something to share or inquire about? Reach out to me at 📧 aliengirl111channel@gmail.com. 🌟 Groovy tunes courtesy of 1st Floor Audio 🎵 https://www.youtube.com/@UCuveMoRCsg7-W6ePw6lq7tA Have you had close encounters with extraterrestrials or want to join me to discuss your otherworldly podcasts, books, or anything else? Shoot me an email at 📩 aliengirl111channel@gmail.com. 🌌📚e!

Retired U.S. Air Force pilot and instructor Colonel Thomas L. Rempfer joins Gareth to talk about his book, Unyielding - Marathons Against Illegal Mandates. Tom not only dives into the realities of the military COVID vaccine mandates, but also into the effects of previous mandates, including anthrax vaccines and what they did to soldiers within the ranks. Investigative filmmaker Richard Jeffs is on to talk about his new series of feature films about stakeholder capitalism, an authoritarian political system that's been enacted un-democratically by the World Economic Forum and discreetly mandated by governments. Musician and composer DPAK is on the line from the US to talk about Plandemic, the musical and what it's really like inside the music industry and Hollywood bubble. And Emmy Award-winning actress Drea De Matteo is coming on to talk about her refusal to take the COVID vaccine in 2021 and the effect that that had on her career and others within the industry. Watch the full show at https://www.ickonic.com

Delve into the underground history of the Israel-Palestine conflict in this eye-opening presentation. Explore the untold stories and perspectives that shape this complex issue. Entire episode here: https://rumble.com/v53cfif-grand-theft-world-podcast-189-anthology-of-american-apathy-pt.-2.html Archive of ALL GTW Episodes: https://grandtheftworld.com/gtw-podcast/ Grand Theft World podcast is an educational series providing a world-class education based on historical context, artifacts and evidence to un-distort weekly news, leaving the audience with a non-contradictory understanding of reality. Livestreaming Weekly: Sunday Nights | 9:30PM Eastern - 5AM: https://www.GrandTheftWorld.com/live Freedom and Cognitive Liberty are not a sprint, they are a super-marathon; Long Attention Spans Win the Day and are Rewarded with Understanding and the currency of Wisdom to share with others. From Grand Theft World Podcast Episode 189. For the full episode replay, download, and show notes, visit: https://grandtheftworld.com/ Get Richard's Freedom Vault: https://getautonomy.info/freedomvault Use Clip Genie Here: https://clipgenie.com/GTW Gauge Your Autonomy In 3 Minutes https://z1lpt9818lr.typeform.com/autonomy To watch the Grand Theft World live stream, create your FREE Rokfin account @ https://rokfin.com/RichardGrove Streaming live on Sunday nights at 9:30 pm ET! Join a diverse community of people who seek to learn about the bigger picture and adapt to navigating current events, blazing a new path to the truth in the GTW Community: https://grandtheftworld.com/sign-up/