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Olives are the fruit of the olive tree, Olea europaea, meaning “European olive.” Olive trees are grown throughout the Mediterranean Basin as well as in South America, South Africa, India, China, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, and the United States. Olives of various varieties are a main ingredient in Mediterranean dishes and a significant export crop for Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, and Morocco. The most common olives in the United States are green and black, though kalamata olives are also popular. They are often sliced or used whole in recipes or pressed into olive oil, which is also a major agricultural export in the Mediterranean region. Eating olives whole or using olive oil for certain meals may help protect against various health problems.