Graphene oxide

nature causes unique interactions with blood proteins and biological membranes and can lead to severe effects like thrombogenicity and immune cell activation

https://pubs.rsc.org › articlelanding
Graphene oxide touches blood: in vivo interactions of bio-coronated 2D ...

Graphene oxide induces cell toxicity through plasma membrane damage, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA damage.Jul 2, 2019

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc
Evaluation of Graphene Oxide Induced Cellular Toxicity and ...

Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of graphene oxide may result in respiratory tract irritation, pulmonary fibrosis, and compromised lung function