The Earth’s changing, irregular magnetic field is causing headaches for polar navigation

The Earth’s liquid molten outer core, composed mainly of iron and nickel, generates an electromagnetic field extending from the north to the south pole, protecting the planet from harmful solar radiation.

Fluctuations in this magnetic field, caused by changes in solar wind and solar storms, affect geomagnetic field models essential for navigation in satellites, planes, ships, and cars.

Magnetic field models vary depending on data collected either on the Earth’s surface or from low Earth orbiting satellites.

While past research attributed differences in these models to space weather activity, a recent study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics reveals that modeling errors also contribute significantly to these discrepancies.

The University of Michigan research team analyzed six years of data from Earth’s magnetic field models and the Swarm mission’s satellites, finding that discrepancies occur even under low to moderate geomagnetic conditions, which prevail 98.1% of the time from 2014 to 2020, Phys.org reported.

read more: https://phys.org/news/2024-05-earth-irregular-magnetic-field-headaches.html

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