New Testament / Koine Greek, 1st year, Lecture #8: Basics of Biblical Greek, Bill Mounce, Chap 11-12

Lecture #8 in New Testament or Koine Greek; a first year Greek at a college or seminary level taught by independent Baptist professor Thomas Ross. Basics of Biblical Greek (BBG) by Bill Mounce, chapters 11-12, are examined.

In chapter 11 of William Mounce's Basics of Biblical Greek, the first and second person personal pronouns in Greek are examined. The Greek pronoun's case is determined by its function in a sentence, while its number is determined by its antecedent. 1st and 2nd person Greek pronouns do not have gender. Chapter 11 of Basics of Biblical Greek also explains several more third declension noun patterns, building on BBG chapter 10, and covering stems in tau and delta, consonantal iota stems, and the paradigms for words like pater ("father").

BIll Mounce's Basics of Biblical Greek chapter 12 discusses the word autos, a 2-1-2 adjective which is employed in three ways. The most common use of autos is as the 3rd person personal pronoun. Autos is also used as an adjectival intensive. Finally, it appears in the New Testament as an identical adjective, meaning "same." Autos, unlike the 1st and 2nd person personal pronouns, has gender as well as case and number. In addition to the vocabulary in Basics of Biblical Greek, vocabulary from 800 Words and Images: A New Testament Vocabulary Builder by T. Michael W. Halcomb, pages 6-19, are reviewed. Exegetical insights connected to the Basics of Biblical Greek vocabulary in relation to the word aion, aionos, ho (eternal punishment rather than annihilationism in the New Testament uses of eis tous aionas ton aionon) and some other vocabulary words are discussed.

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The Greek first person pronouns are:

nom sg ἐγώ I
gen sg μου (ἐμοῦ) my
dat sg μοι (ἐμοί) to me
acc sg με (ἐμέ) me

nom pl ἡμείς we
gen pl ἡμῶν our
dat pl ἡμῖν to us
acc pl ἡμᾶς us

The Greek second person pronouns are:

nom sg σύ you (singular), thou (KJV)
gen sg σου (σοῦ) your (singular), thy / thine (KJV)
dat sg σοι (σοί) to you (singular), to thee (KJV)
acc sg σε (σέ) you (singular), thee (KJV)

nom pl ὑμείς you (plural), ye (KJV)
gen pl ὑμῶν your (plural), your (KJV)
dat pl ὑμῖν to you (plural), to you (KJV)
acc pl ὑμᾶς you (plural), you (KJV)

The Greek third person pronouns are:

masc fem neut translation
nom sg αὐτός αὐτή αὐτό he she it
gen sg αὐτοῦ αὐτῆς αὐτοῦ his her its
dat sg αὐτῷ αὐτῇ αὐτῷ to him to her to it
acc sg αὐτόν αὐτήν αὐτό him her it

nom pl αὐτοί αὐταί αὐτά they
gen pl αὐτῶν αὐτῶν αὐτῶν their
dat pl αὐτοῖς αὐταῖς αὐτοῖς to them
acc pl αὐτούς αὐτάς αὐτά them

Representative third declension stems ending in tou and delta are parsed as follows:

*χαριτ *φωτ, τό *ελπιδ *σαρκ
nom sg: χάρις φῶς ἐλπίς σάρξ
gen sg: χάριτος φωτός ἐλπίδος σαρκός
dat sg: χάριτι φωτί ἐλπίδι σαρκί
acc sg: χάριτα8 φῶς ἐλπίδα σάρκα

nom pl: χάριτες φῶτα ἐλπίδες σάρκες
gen pl: χαρίτων φώτων ἐλπίδων σαρκῶν
dat pl: χάρισι(ν) φωσί(ν) ἐλπίσι(ν) σαρξί(ν)
acc pl: χάριτας φῶτα ἐλπίδας σάρκας

πίστις represents consonantal iota stems in the third declension:

nom sg: πίστις
gen sg: πίστεως
dat sg: πίστει
acc sg: πίστιν

nom pl: πίστεις
gen pl: πίστεων
dat pl: πίστεσι(ν)
acc pl: πίστεις

The paradigms for πατήρ and ὕδωρ are as follows:

nom sg: πατήρ
gen sg: πατρός
dat sg: πατρι
acc sg: πατέρα

nom pl: πατέρες
gen pl: πατέρων
dat pl: πατράσι(ν)
acc pl: πατέρας

nom sg: ὕδωρ, τό
gen sg: ὕδατος
dat sg: ὕδατι
acc sg: ὕδωρ
nom pl: ὕδατα
gen pl: ὑδάτων
dat pl: ὕδασι(ν)
acc pl: ὕδατα