The Sana'a Quran Palimpsest

The Sanaa Palimpsest raises questions and challenges Muslim apologetics claims about the Quran and its preservation. Some points to consider:

1. Development and compilation of the Quran: The palimpsest shows that the Quran underwent a process of development in its early transmission.
2. Variations in textual tradition: The differences between the upper and lower texts demonstrate variations in the textual tradition of the Quran during its early transmission, which opposes the idea of a single, unchanging text from the beginning.
3. Non-standard version of the Quran: The lower text contains a non-standard version of the Quran, which raises questions about the authenticity and accuracy of the text.
4. Text tampering and editing: The discovery of other manuscripts with evidence of text tampering and editing suggests that the Quran was subject to human manipulation and revision, which challenges the idea of a pure, uncorrupted text.

In conclusion, the Sanaa Palimpsest provides evidence for the lengthy development of the Quran, and raises questions about the authenticity and accuracy of the text. It does not provide conclusive evidence for Muslim apologetic claims, but the opposite.

The Sana'a Palimpsest, "the Only Known Extant Copy from a Textual Tradition Beside the Standard Uthmanic..." - https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=180

Sana'a Palimpsest and the Early Manuscripts of the Qur'an - https://www.iis.ac.uk/learning-centre/multimedia/sana-a-palimpsest-and-the-early-manuscripts-of-the-qur-an/

The Codex of a Companion of the Prophet and the Qurʾān of the Prophet (Sana'a Palimpsest) - Behnam Sadeghi and Uwe Bergmann
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233679632_The_Codex_of_a_Companion_of_the_Prophet_and_the_Quran_of_the_Prophet

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