Subsea Flow Assurance Course - Pressure Changes in Two Phase Flows

One way in analyzing multiphase flow is to calculate the pressure drop along the pipe or the wellbore. The pressure drop is the difference in pressure between two points in the flow direction. It is caused by several factors, such as the friction, the gravity, the acceleration, and the momentum changes of the phases. The pressure drop affects the flow performance and the operational costs of multiphase flow systems. The calculation of the pressure drop can be done by using empirical correlations, such as the Beggs and Brill, the Duns and Ros, and the Hagedorn and Brown correlations, or by using mechanistic models, such as the homogeneous, the separated, and the drift flux models.

The flow regime affects the pressure drop in two ways: directly and indirectly. Directly, the flow regime determines the phase distribution and the interfacial phenomena, which are the main factors that influence the pressure drop. For example, a stratified flow regime has a low interfacial area and a low interfacial shear stress, which result in a low frictional pressure drop. Conversely, an annular flow regime has a high interfacial area and a high interfacial shear stress, which result in a high frictional pressure drop. Indirectly, the flow regime affects the pressure drop by changing the fluid properties, such as the density, the viscosity, and the surface tension, which also influence the pressure drop. For example, a bubbly flow regime has a higher gas density and a lower gas viscosity than a slug flow regime, which affect the gravity and the acceleration pressure drops.

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