Glucagon: Mechanism of Action in Blood Glucose Regulation

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in maintaining blood sugar levels.

1. Triggered by Low Blood Sugar: When blood sugar levels drop (such as during fasting or between meals), the pancreas releases glucagon into the bloodstream.

2. Stimulates Glycogenolysis: Glucagon acts on the liver primarily to stimulate the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Glycogen is a storage form of glucose, and glycogenolysis releases glucose into the bloodstream, raising blood sugar levels.
3. Promotes Gluconeogenesis: Glucagon also promotes gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol. This process provides an additional source of glucose when dietary intake is insufficient.

4. Inhibits Glycolysis: Glucagon inhibits glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose into energy within cells. By doing so, it ensures that glucose is available in the bloodstream rather than being utilized by cells for energy.
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