The Seven Spirits Before the Throne: Angels or the Holy Spirit? | Revelation 1:4c

#divinecouncil #angels #HolySpirit

There is MASSIVE debate as to the identity of the seven spirits before the throne in Revelation 1:4. In this teaching I will go over the main views and explain the pros and cons of each. At the end I will offer a suggestion of my own.

Sources:

Aune, David E. Revelation,. 3 vols. (WBC). Dallas: Word, 1997; Nashville: Nelson, 1998

Beale, G. K. The Book of Revelation (NIGTC). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999

Fanning, Buist. Revelation(ZECNT). Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2020

Ford, J. Massyngberde. Revelation (AB). Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1975.

Mounce, Robert H. The Book of Revelation (NICNT). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997

NET Bible. Full Notes Edition.

Schreiner, Thomas R. Revelation (BECNT). Grand Rapids: Baker, 2023

Thomas, Robert L. Revelation. 2 vols. Chicago: Moody, 1992-1995.

Weinrich, W. C. ed. Revelation: Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, NT Volume 12 [ACCS]. InterVarsity Press. 2005