Vetebral Column Anatomy and Bones ( Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral Spine)

Vetebral Column Anatomy and Bones ( Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral Spine)

The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column or backbone, is a crucial part of the human skeletal system, providing structural support and protection for the spinal cord while allowing for movement and flexibility. It is composed of a series of individual bones called vertebrae, stacked on top of each other in five main regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

1. **Cervical Spine**: Located in the neck region, the cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae, labeled C1 to C7. The first cervical vertebra, called the atlas (C1), supports the skull, while the second cervical vertebra, called the axis (C2), allows for rotation of the head. The cervical spine provides flexibility for movements such as nodding and shaking the head.

2. **Thoracic Spine**: Situated in the upper and middle back, the thoracic spine comprises twelve vertebrae labeled T1 to T12. These vertebrae connect to the ribs, forming the thoracic cage, which protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs. The thoracic spine provides stability and support for the upper body.

3. **Lumbar Spine**: Found in the lower back, the lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae labeled L1 to L5. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest and strongest in the vertebral column, bearing the weight of the upper body and providing flexibility for movements like bending and twisting.

4. **Sacral Spine**: The sacral spine is located at the base of the vertebral column, below the lumbar spine. It consists of five fused vertebrae known as the sacrum, which articulate with the pelvic bones, forming the sacroiliac joints. The sacral spine stabilizes the pelvis and transfers weight from the vertebral column to the lower limbs.

5. **Coccygeal Spine**: Also known as the tailbone, the coccygeal spine is the final segment of the vertebral column. It consists of three to five fused vertebrae called the coccyx. Though small, the coccyx plays a role in supporting the pelvic floor and providing attachment points for muscles and ligaments.

Overall, the vertebral column serves essential functions in supporting the body, protecting the spinal cord, and facilitating movement, making it a vital structure in human anatomy.

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