Down Syndrome: Causes, Characteristics, and Care"

Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is associated with developmental delays, intellectual disability, and characteristic physical features. There are three types of Down syndrome: Trisomy 21, Mosaic Down syndrome, and Translocation Down syndrome. The parents of individuals with Down syndrome are usually genetically normal, and the probability of having a child with Down syndrome increases with maternal age. Prenatal screening and genetic testing can identify Down syndrome during pregnancy, and proper care and education can lead to a good quality of life for individuals with the condition. While there is no cure for Down syndrome, individuals with the condition can lead fulfilling lives with support. Common health issues associated with Down syndrome include congenital heart defects, epilepsy, leukemia, thyroid disease, and vision and hearing disorders. Understanding the causes, characteristics, and care of Down syndrome is essential for providing the best possible support for individuals with the condition.