Historical facts of India

India's rich history spans from the ancient Indus Valley Civilization (2600-1900 BCE) to the Vedic Period's cultural developments. The Maurya Empire (4th century BCE) marked a pinnacle in ancient governance, followed by the Gupta Empire's Golden Age (320-550 CE) of arts and sciences. The medieval era saw dynasties like the Cholas and Mughals flourish, leading to the colonial rule by the British from the 16th century. The independence movement, spearheaded by figures like Gandhi, culminated in India's freedom in 1947 and its subsequent emergence as a democratic republic, balancing economic growth with cultural preservation.