Preparatory Outlines in Painting and Alternatives - No. 52

Outlines in the lay-in of a painting and their limits in Boston School Impressionism

QUESTIONS: When a Boston School painter who specialized in figures, such as Paxton, started a painting, didn't Paxton use the academic outline to set the figures up? I can actually see the line in one or two of his paintings. Landscape, I can see how this would be helpful, not to draw too much first. Robert Douglas Hunter also drew the still lives didn't he? No drawing? I would find this very difficult JAN VALUE UNITS TONAL THINKING MANET