Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT): Methods

Methods of PWHT:
1. Stress Relief:
• Method: Gradual heating and cooling.
• Purpose: Reduce residual stresses in the weldment, minimizing the risk of distortion or cracking.
2. Normalization:
• Method: Heating to a specific temperature followed by controlled cooling.
• Purpose: Improve the mechanical properties and uniformity of the weld metal and heat-affected zone.
3. Hardening:
• Method: Heating to a critical temperature, followed by rapid cooling.
• Purpose: Increase hardness and strength, often used for certain alloy steels.
4. Tempering:
• Method: Reheating previously quenched or hardened steel to a lower temperature.
• Purpose: Enhance toughness and reduce brittleness in hardened materials.
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