Episode 1526: Final Judgement - Helping those in need

Matthew 25:31-46 - Parable of the Sheep and the Goats: Jesus teaches about the final judgment and the importance of helping those in need.
31 When the Son of man shall come in his majesty, and all the angels with him, then shall he sit upon the seat of his majesty.
32 And all nations shall be gathered together before him, and he shall separate them one from another, as the shepherd separateth the sheep from the goats:
33 And he shall set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on his left.
34 Then shall the king say to them that shall be on his right hand: Come, ye blessed of my Father, possess you the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.
35 For I was hungry, and you gave me to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me to drink; I was a stranger, and you took me in:
36 Naked, and you covered me: sick, and you visited me: I was in prison, and you came to me.
37 Then shall the just answer him, saying: Lord, when did we see thee hungry, and fed thee; thirsty, and gave thee drink?
38 And when did we see thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, and covered thee?
39 Or when did we see thee sick or in prison, and came to thee?
40 And the king answering, shall say to them: Amen I say to you, as long as you did it to one of these my least brethren, you did it to me.
41 Then he shall say to them also that shall be on his left hand: Depart from me, you cursed, into everlasting fire, which was prepared for the devil and his angels.
42 For I was hungry, and you gave me not to eat: I was thirsty, and you gave me not to drink.
43 I was a stranger, and you took me not in: naked, and you covered me not: sick and in prison, and you did not visit me.
44 Then they also shall answer him, saying: Lord, when did we see thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister to thee?
45 Then he shall answer them, saying: Amen I say to you, as long as you did it not to one of these least, neither did you do it to me.
46 And these shall go into everlasting punishment: but the just, into life everlasting.

It is often interpreted as a description of the Last Judgment and a teaching on the importance of acts of mercy and charity.

The Last Judgment: This passage is seen as a depiction of the final judgment of all humanity by Jesus Christ. It emphasizes that at the end of time, Jesus will return in glory, accompanied by angels, to judge the living and the dead.
Here are some key points about the Last Judgment:

Biblical Basis: The concept of the Last Judgment is found in several passages throughout the New Testament, including the one you originally asked about, Matthew 25:31-46. Other passages that refer to the Last Judgment include Matthew 13:36-43, Matthew 16:27, and Revelation 20:11-15.

Role of Jesus Christ: According to Christian teaching, Jesus Christ will return in glory, accompanied by angels, to judge the living and the dead. He is often referred to as the "Judge of the living and the dead" in Christian creeds.

Universal Judgment: The Last Judgment is considered a universal judgment, meaning it applies to all human beings, both the living and the dead, who have ever existed. This judgment encompasses everyone from the beginning of time until the end.

Resurrection of the Dead: Traditional Christian teaching holds that at the Last Judgment, the dead will be raised from their graves. This includes both the righteous and the unrighteous. The resurrected bodies will be reunited with their souls.

Judgment Criteria: The criteria for judgment are often understood in terms of one's faith in Christ and their deeds. This is reflected in passages like Matthew 25:31-46, where acts of mercy and charity play a significant role in the judgment.

Heaven and Hell: The Last Judgment results in the final assignment of souls to either heaven or hell. Those who are judged righteous and faithful are welcomed into the eternal joy of God's presence in heaven. Those who are judged as unrighteous face the consequences of their rejection of God's grace, which may involve separation from God in a state of spiritual darkness and suffering, commonly referred to as hell.

Eternal State: The Last Judgment establishes an unchangeable, eternal state for each individual. This state is considered final and irreversible, indicating that the choices made in one's earthly life have eternal consequences.

The Justice of God: The Last Judgment is seen as the ultimate manifestation of God's justice. It is the moment when all wrongs will be righted, and every soul will receive their due according to God's wisdom and perfect judgment.

The Last Judgment serves as a profound reminder of the importance of living a life in accordance with Christian values and teachings, as it shapes one's ultimate destiny in the presence of God. It also underscores the belief in God's sovereignty and the accountability of every individual before Him.
Separation of the Sheep and the Goats: The imagery of separating the sheep from the goats represents the judgment of souls. The righteous are likened to sheep who have followed and obeyed Christ, while the unrighteous are likened to goats who have rejected Him.
Here are some additional points about the separation of the sheep and the goats:

Symbolism of Sheep and Goats:

Sheep: In biblical imagery, sheep are often associated with innocence, obedience, and followership. They are seen as docile creatures that follow the shepherd's lead. In this context, the righteous are compared to sheep because they have followed Christ's teachings and lived lives of love and compassion.
Goats: Goats, on the other hand, are often seen as more independent and sometimes stubborn creatures. They represent those who have been resistant to God's call or have failed to live according to His commandments.
Metaphor for the Judgment of Souls:

The separation of the sheep and the goats symbolizes the judgment of souls. It emphasizes that at the end of time, God will discern between those who have lived in accordance with His will (the righteous) and those who have rejected it (the unrighteous).
Shepherd as a Symbol of Christ:

In this metaphor, Jesus is likened to the shepherd who is responsible for caring for and guiding the flock. This reinforces the biblical imagery where Jesus is often referred to as the Good Shepherd (John 10:11).
Implication of God's Personal Knowledge:

The metaphor also implies that God intimately knows each individual. He knows their hearts, their actions, and the motives behind those actions. This is why He is able to make a just judgment.
The Act of Separation:

The act of separating the sheep from the goats indicates that judgment is not a collective, indiscriminate event. Each person is individually assessed based on their faith, their relationship with God, and their deeds.
The Call to Righteous Living:

This metaphor serves as a call to righteous living. It emphasizes the importance of following Christ's teachings and exemplifying love, compassion, and mercy in one's actions towards others.
Consequences of the Judgment:

The metaphor leads to the contrasting destinies of the sheep and the goats. The righteous (symbolized by the sheep) are welcomed into the eternal joy of God's presence, while the unrighteous (symbolized by the goats) face the consequences of their rejection of God's grace.
Eternal Significance:

The separation of the sheep and the goats emphasizes the eternal significance of one's faith and actions. It underscores the belief that the choices made in this life have eternal consequences.
Overall, the separation of the sheep and the goats serves as a vivid illustration of the ultimate division that will take place at the Last Judgment, based on one's faith, obedience, and love for God and others. It reinforces the importance of living a life aligned with Christian values and the teachings of Jesus.
Rewards for Acts of Mercy and Charity: The King's words to those on His right hand, "Come, ye blessed of my Father," indicate that those who have performed acts of mercy and charity will inherit the Kingdom of God. This reflects the Catholic teaching that acts of love and compassion for others are highly valued by God.
Here are some additional insights into this concept:

Treasures in Heaven:

Jesus frequently taught about storing up treasures in heaven rather than on earth. In passages like Matthew 6:19-21, He encourages believers to focus on eternal rewards rather than temporary, earthly gains. Acts of mercy and charity are seen as a way of investing in one's heavenly future.
The Parable of the Good Samaritan:

In the Parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37), Jesus illustrates the importance of showing mercy and compassion to those in need. The Samaritan's actions are praised, indicating that acts of mercy are not only virtuous but also bring blessings.
The Widow's Mite:

In Mark 12:41-44, Jesus commends a poor widow who gives two small coins to the temple treasury. He highlights her sacrificial giving, stating that she has given more than all the wealthy donors because she gave all she had. This teaches that God values the heart behind the act of giving.
The Beatitudes:

In the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:3-12), Jesus pronounces blessings on those who exhibit qualities like meekness, mercy, and peacemaking. These blessings imply spiritual rewards for those who live out these virtues.
The Judgment of Nations (Matthew 25:31-46):

As previously discussed, this passage underscores the connection between acts of mercy and charity and the reception of eternal rewards. The righteous are commended and invited into the kingdom of God based on their actions of love towards the needy.
Storing Up Eternal Wealth (1 Timothy 6:17-19):

The Apostle Paul advises Timothy to instruct the rich not to be arrogant or to put their hope in wealth, but to put their hope in God, who "richly provides us with everything for our enjoyment." He encourages them to be generous and willing to share, "thus storing up treasure for themselves as a good foundation for the future, so that they may take hold of that which is truly life."
The Principle of Sowing and Reaping (Galatians 6:7-10):

Paul teaches that whatever a person sows, they will also reap. Those who sow to please the Spirit will reap eternal life. This principle is applied to acts of kindness and generosity, emphasizing the spiritual rewards that come from doing good.
The Motive of the Heart:

It's important to note that the motive behind acts of mercy and charity is crucial. Genuine love and compassion for others should be the driving force, rather than seeking recognition or rewards.
In summary, the concept of receiving rewards for acts of mercy and charity underscores the spiritual and eternal significance of living a life of love and compassion towards others. It encourages believers to invest in heavenly treasures and emphasizes the blessings that come from selfless giving and service.
The Corporal Works of Mercy: The actions mentioned in verses 35-36 (feeding the hungry, giving drink to the thirsty, welcoming strangers, clothing the naked, visiting the sick, and visiting prisoners) are known in Catholic tradition as the "Corporal Works of Mercy." These are concrete acts of charity directed towards the physical needs of others.
Here are the seven Corporal Works of Mercy:

Feeding the Hungry:

Providing food for the hungry is one of the most basic acts of mercy. This can be done through donations to food banks, volunteering at soup kitchens, or directly helping individuals in need.
Giving Drink to the Thirsty:
Offering water or other beverages to those who are thirsty is an act of compassion. This can involve providing clean water sources in impoverished areas or assisting those without access to water.
Clothing the Naked:
Providing clothing for those who lack adequate attire is an important act of mercy. This can include donating clothing, participating in clothing drives, or supporting initiatives that provide clothing to those in need.
Sheltering the Homeless:
Offering shelter and accommodation to those who are homeless or in unstable living conditions is a fundamental act of compassion. This can involve volunteering at homeless shelters, supporting housing programs, or providing temporary lodging for those in need.
Visiting the Sick:

Visiting and offering companionship to the sick and those in hospital or care facilities is a way to show empathy and provide emotional support. This act can provide comfort and alleviate feelings of isolation.
Visiting the Imprisoned:
Offering spiritual and emotional support to those who are incarcerated or detained is an act of mercy that acknowledges the dignity of every person, even those who have made mistakes.
Burying the Dead:
Assisting with the burial of the deceased and providing support to grieving families is an act of compassion and respect for the dignity of the deceased and their loved ones.

These Corporal Works of Mercy are based on the teachings of Jesus, particularly in Matthew 25:31-46, where Jesus emphasizes the importance of acts of love and compassion towards those in need. Practicing the Corporal Works of Mercy is considered a concrete way for Christians to live out their faith and demonstrate Christ-like love for others.

In addition to the Corporal Works of Mercy, there are also Spiritual Works of Mercy, which focus on meeting the spiritual needs of others. Together, the Corporal and Spiritual Works of Mercy form a comprehensive framework for Christian charity and compassion.
Identification with the Suffering Christ: The passage emphasizes the idea that when we show mercy and kindness to those in need, we are, in a sense, ministering to Christ Himself. This highlights the Catholic belief in the mystical body of Christ, where the Church and its members are intimately connected to Christ.
Here are some additional insights into this concept:

Biblical Basis:

The identification with the suffering of Christ is drawn from various passages in the New Testament. One of the most significant is Philippians 3:10, where the Apostle Paul expresses his desire to "know Christ—yes, to know the power of his resurrection and participation in his sufferings, becoming like him in his death."
Crucified with Christ (Galatians 2:20):

Paul writes, "I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me." This verse conveys the idea that, in a spiritual sense, believers share in the crucifixion of Christ, dying to their old selves and being reborn in Him.
Fellowship of His Sufferings (Philippians 3:10):

Paul's statement about wanting to share in the fellowship of Christ's sufferings underscores the belief that suffering can be a means of drawing closer to Christ and experiencing a deeper spiritual communion with Him.

Bearing One Another's Burdens (Galatians 6:2):
Christians are instructed to "carry each other's burdens, and in this way, you will fulfill the law of Christ." This reflects the idea that when we help others in their times of suffering, we are participating in Christ's ministry of compassion.

The Body of Christ (1 Corinthians 12:27):
The Church is often described as the "Body of Christ" in the New Testament. This metaphor highlights the idea that individual members of the Church are interconnected and share in both the joys and sufferings of their fellow believers.

Comforting Others with the Comfort We Receive (2 Corinthians 1:3-4):
Paul writes that God is "the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our troubles, so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves receive from God." This passage emphasizes the role of believers in offering comfort and support to others who are suffering.
Persecution for Righteousness' Sake (Matthew 5:10-12):

Jesus teaches that those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake are blessed. This suggests that enduring suffering for the sake of one's faith is a form of identification with Christ.
Sharing in His Glory (Romans 8:17):

Paul writes that believers are "heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings in order that we may also share in his glory." This passage underscores the intimate connection between suffering and future glory in Christ.
Overall, the concept of identification with the suffering of Christ is a profound aspect of Christian spirituality that invites believers to find meaning and purpose in their own sufferings, knowing that they are not alone, but rather, they are participating in the redemptive work of Christ. It also encourages a spirit of compassion and solidarity with those who are experiencing hardships.

Consequences of Neglecting Mercy: Conversely, those who neglect to show mercy and charity are met with a stern rebuke. They are reminded that by ignoring the needs of others, they have neglected Christ Himself.
Here are some insights into the consequences of neglecting mercy:

Separation from God:

Neglecting mercy can lead to spiritual separation from God. The Bible teaches that God desires mercy, not sacrifice (Hosea 6:6, Matthew 9:13). Failing to show mercy may indicate a lack of alignment with God's heart and values.
Inability to Receive God's Mercy:

Jesus teaches in the Sermon on the Mount that "blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy" (Matthew 5:7). Neglecting mercy may hinder a person's ability to receive God's mercy and forgiveness in their own life.
Lack of Spiritual Growth:

Acts of mercy and compassion are considered essential for spiritual growth and maturity. Neglecting mercy can stunt one's spiritual development, preventing them from fully embodying Christ-like virtues.
Judgment and Condemnation:

Jesus warns in Matthew 7:1-2 that the same standard we use to judge others will be used to judge us. Neglecting mercy can lead to a judgmental and condemning attitude, which may result in a similar judgment being applied to oneself.
Loss of Blessings:

The Bible emphasizes that those who show mercy will receive blessings. Proverbs 14:21 states, "Blessed is he who is kind to the needy." Neglecting mercy may result in missing out on the blessings and favor that come from living a merciful life.
Hardened Heart:

Continually neglecting mercy can lead to a hardening of the heart, making it more difficult to empathize with others and respond with compassion. This can hinder one's ability to experience deep relationships and intimacy with God.
Strained Relationships:

Neglecting mercy can lead to strained relationships with others. A lack of compassion and understanding can breed resentment, conflict, and division in personal and community settings.
Inauthentic Faith:

James 2:14-17 emphasizes the need for faith to be demonstrated through deeds of mercy and compassion. Neglecting mercy can lead to a faith that lacks authenticity and practical impact in the world.
Missed Opportunities for Growth and Transformation:

Acts of mercy provide opportunities for personal growth, transformation, and sanctification. Neglecting mercy may lead to a missed chance for one's own spiritual development and character formation.
Diminished Witness to the World:

Christians are called to be salt and light in the world (Matthew 5:13-16). Neglecting mercy can weaken the credibility and impact of the Christian witness, as it contradicts the core teachings of Christ.
It's important to note that these consequences are presented within a Christian worldview and may not necessarily be universally accepted outside of this context. The message of mercy and compassion is central to Christian ethics and reflects the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament.
Eternal Reward and Punishment: The passage concludes with a statement about the eternal destinies of the righteous and the unrighteous. The righteous are promised eternal life, while the unrighteous are warned of everlasting punishment.
Eternal Reward:

Heavenly Bliss and Fulfillment:

The concept of eternal reward envisions a state of perfect happiness, peace, and fulfillment in the presence of God. It is described in various ways in scripture, including as a place of rest (Hebrews 4:9-10) and a heavenly city (Revelation 21:2).
Union with God:

In heaven, believers are believed to experience a complete and unbroken union with God. They will enjoy intimate fellowship with the Creator, experiencing His love and presence in its fullness.
Absence of Suffering and Sin:

Heaven is portrayed as a place where there is no pain, sorrow, or suffering (Revelation 21:4). It is a realm where righteousness reigns and sin is completely absent.
Eternal Life and Immortality:

Believers in heaven are granted eternal life and immortality. They will never experience death, decay, or any form of separation from God.
Receiving Crowns and Rewards:

The New Testament speaks of believers receiving rewards for their faithfulness and service to God. These rewards may include crowns symbolizing different aspects of Christian life, such as righteousness, perseverance, and faithfulness (2 Timothy 4:7-8, Revelation 3:11).
Participation in God's Kingdom:

Believers are often described as co-heirs with Christ (Romans 8:17), indicating that they will share in the blessings and glory of God's kingdom.
Eternal Punishment:

Separation from God:

The central aspect of eternal punishment, often referred to as hell, is the separation from God's presence. Hell is portrayed as a place of spiritual darkness and alienation from the source of all goodness and love.
Consequences of Rejecting God's Grace:

Hell is seen as the consequence of rejecting God's offer of salvation through faith in Jesus Christ. It is not a punishment arbitrarily imposed by God, but rather a result of one's own choice to reject God's love and mercy.
Existence without God's Goodness:

Hell is described as a place where the presence of God's goodness, grace, and love is entirely absent. It is a state of existence characterized by spiritual emptiness, suffering, and separation.
Finality and Irreversibility:

The New Testament portrays the state of eternal punishment as final and irreversible. It is a sobering reminder of the gravity of human choices and the seriousness of rejecting God's offer of salvation.
Punishment Commensurate with Deeds:

Scripture suggests that the nature and severity of punishment in hell may vary based on one's deeds and level of accountability (Luke 12:47-48, Matthew 11:21-24).
Lake of Fire:
St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430):
St. Augustine emphasized the importance of love and compassion in his teachings. He viewed acts of mercy as a manifestation of the love of God within the believer's heart. He said, "What does love look like? It has the hands to help others. It has the feet to hasten to the poor and needy. It has eyes to see misery and want. It has the ears to hear the sighs and sorrows of men." Overall, from a traditional Catholic perspective, this passage serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of living a life characterized by acts of love, mercy, and charity, as these actions are seen as directly linked to one's relationship with Christ and the ultimate destiny of their soul.