#153 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a 3D printing technology that is widely used for creating three-dimensional objects layer by layer. It was developed by Scott Crump in the late 1980s and is a trademarked term owned by Stratasys, a leading manufacturer of 3D printers.
Here's how FDM works:
Material Filament: FDM printers use a thermoplastic filament as the raw material. Common materials include ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), PLA (Polylactic Acid), PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol), and many others.
Extrusion: The filament is fed into an extrusion nozzle, which is typically heated to melt the material. The temperature varies depending on the type of filament being used.
Layer-by-Layer Deposition: The melted material is deposited onto a build platform layer by layer, starting from the bottom and moving upwards. The nozzle moves in the X and Y axes to create the desired shape, while the build platform moves down (or in some cases, the nozzle moves up) to accommodate each new layer.
Cooling and Solidification: As each layer is deposited, it quickly cools and solidifies. This process continues until the entire object is built up, layer by layer.
Support Structures: In cases where overhangs or complex geometries are involved, support structures made of the same material or a different material are often added. These supports can be removed after printing is complete.
Post-Processing: Once the 3D printing process is finished, the printed object may require some post-processing steps such as removing supports, sanding, painting, or assembly, depending on the specific application.
FDM is known for its affordability, ease of use, and versatility. It's commonly used in various industries for rapid prototyping, custom part production, and even in educational settings. However, it does have some limitations, such as layer lines on the final object's surface, and it may not be suitable for producing extremely intricate or high-resolution parts compared to some other 3D printing technologies like stereolithography (SLA) or selective laser sintering (SLS). Nevertheless, FDM remains one of the most popular and accessible 3D printing methods for a wide range of applications.

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