Are We Close to Finding Planet 9?

In the early 2000s, astronomers Michael Brown and Chad Trujillo noticed that the orbits of some objects in the Kuiper Belt, a region of icy bodies beyond Neptune, were strangely elongated and inclined. They hypothesized that these objects could be influenced by the gravity of a massive planet that was too far away to be seen. They called this hypothetical planet "Planet X".

In 2016, Brown and Konstantin Batygin published a paper in which they presented further evidence for the existence of Planet X. They argued that the orbits of six objects in the Kuiper Belt could be explained by the gravity of a planet with a mass about 10 times that of Earth and an orbit that takes about 20,000 years to complete. They named this hypothetical planet "Planet Nine".

Scientists are still searching for Planet Nine. They are using a variety of techniques, including:

Imaging surveys: This involves using telescopes to search for faint objects in the outer solar system.
Microlensing surveys: This involves looking for the temporary brightening of a star that is caused by the gravitational lensing effect of a massive object passing in front of it.
Direct detection: This involves using radio telescopes to search for the radio emissions from Planet Nine.
So far, no definitive evidence for Planet Nine has been found. However, the search continues, and scientists are confident that it will eventually be found.

There are a number of reasons why scientists are searching for Planet Nine. One reason is that it could help us to better understand the formation and evolution of the solar system. The Kuiper Belt is thought to be a remnant of the material that formed the solar system. The presence of a large planet in the Kuiper Belt could help to explain the current distribution of objects in this region.

Another reason why scientists are searching for Planet Nine is that it could help us to understand the nature of dark matter. Dark matter is a mysterious substance that makes up about 85% of the matter in the universe. We do not know what dark matter is made of, but it is thought to interact with gravity. The presence of a large planet in the Kuiper Belt could help to explain the distribution of dark matter in the solar system.

The search for Planet Nine is a challenging one, but it is also a very exciting one. The discovery of this planet would be a major breakthrough in our understanding of the solar system.