how do spacecraft slow down

Spacecraft slow down using a technique called deceleration or propulsion reversal. The process of slowing down a spacecraft largely depends on the type of mission and the location it needs to reach.

In most cases, a spacecraft is equipped with thrusters, which are essentially engines that produce thrust by expelling propellant at high speeds. These thrusters can be operated in two modes: acceleration mode and deceleration mode.

When a spacecraft approaches its destination, it needs to slow down to enter orbit or land on a celestial body like a planet or moon. The thrusters are fired in the opposite direction of the spacecraft's travel to generate a force opposite to its motion. This force acts as a means of deceleration, gradually reducing the spacecraft's speed.

For larger spacecraft or missions that require significant deceleration, advanced techniques are employed. One such technique is aerobraking, which uses a planet's atmosphere for braking. The spacecraft enters the atmosphere at a specific angle, allowing it to encounter