Chemoreceptors (Medical Definition) | Physiology of Breathing

What is a chemoreceptor? This video covers the medical definition and provides a brief overview of this topic.
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➡️ Chemoreceptors
Our body must maintain normal levels of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) for gas exchange and normal breathing to occur. Chemoreceptors are specialized cells that monitor the regulatory breathing parameters of arterial blood in order to maintain homeostasis.

➡️ Types of Chemoreceptors:
1. Central chemoreceptors
2. Peripheral chemoreceptors

➡️ Peripheral Chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors are clusters of nerve cells that are located outside of the brain on the carotid arteries and aortic arch. They primarily respond to a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and send signals through the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves to the vasomotor and cardiac centers in the brain. When stimulated, their signals cause the diaphragm to breathe faster and deeper in order to take in more oxygen and blow off more CO2.

➡️ Central Chemoreceptors
Central chemoreceptors are located in the medulla and are considered to be part of the central nervous system. They are covered in cerebrospinal fluid and are sensitive to increased levels of the partial pressure of CO2. They are also sensitive to a decreased pH as well.

➡️ Example:
If arterial CO2 levels increase, it causes an increase in the amount of hydrogen (H+) ions which causes the pH to decrease. This triggers central chemoreceptors to stimulate the respiratory center in the brain to increase the drive to breathe. This helps the lungs blow off more CO2 so that the pH can increase back into the normal range. The primary stimulus for breathing is arterial CO2, and the secondary stimulus is arterial hypoxemia.

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🚑MEDICAL DISCLAIMER
This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult with a physician with any questions that you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you watch in this video. We strive for 100% accuracy, but errors may occur, and medications, protocols, and treatment methods may change over time.

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⏰TIMESTAMPS
0:00 - Intro
0:25 - Chemoreceptors
0:41 - Types of Chemoreceptors
0:50 - Peripheral Chemoreceptors
1:24 - Central Chemoreceptors
1:45 - Example

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#Chemoreceptors #CentralChemoreceptors #PeripheralChemoreceptors