Medullary Respiratory Center: Control of Breathing (DRGs vs. VRGs)

What is the Medullary Respiratory Center? This video covers the medical definition and provides a brief overview of this topic.
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➡️ Dorsal Respiratory Groups
The dorsal respiratory groups (DRGs) are neurons located in the posterior region of the medulla. They are responsible for assimilating various factors that influence breathing, such as peripheral stretch receptors in the lungs, central chemoreceptors, and peripheral chemoreceptors. DRGs relay information to VRGs, which are responsible for controlling the rate, rhythm, and depth of breathing.

➡️ Ventral Respiratory Groups
Ventral respiratory groups (VRGs) are complex neurons that run bilaterally between the brain stem and the pons-medulla junction. These neurons fire during both inspiration and expiration, making them essential for breathing to occur. During inspiration, neurons are stimulated and send impulses along the phrenic and intercostal nerves. This causes the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract, resulting in thoracic expansion, where air can flow into the lungs. During expiration, neurons are stimulated, and the inspiratory muscles relax, resulting in passive expiration. This breathing cycle repeats continuously to produce a normal respiratory rate of around 12–20 breaths/min.

➡️ Recap
VRGs are also responsible for gasping, which is an abnormal breathing pattern seen in patients with severe hypoxemia. If the VRG neurons are suppressed, it results in apnea or the complete stoppage of breathing. For example, this can occur in patients who have overdosed. DRGs are responsible for gathering information and relaying it to VRGs. The VRG neurons are responsible for triggering inspiration, and they also control the rate, depth, and rhythm of breathing.

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🚑MEDICAL DISCLAIMER
This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult with a physician with any questions that you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you watch in this video. We strive for 100% accuracy, but errors may occur, and medications, protocols, and treatment methods may change over time.

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⏰TIMESTAMPS
0:00 - Intro
0:36 - Dorsal Respiratory Groups
1:05 - Ventral Respiratory Groups

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