Why do school districts vary so much?

You can have two adjacent school districts, with similar levels of funding, but with two very different levels of education quality.
A school district is made up of a school board whose members are elected. The people composing that school board have a large impact on the quality of the education in that district. While state and federal laws regulated how each school board runs their district, the school board is largely left with managing day to day operations. As long as the school district meets targets, there is not a lot of punitive action high authorities can take out.
There are ways a school district can effectively “cook the books.” For example, schools may inflate grades. Schools can also avoid having students with learning disabilities counted or even enrolled in some circumstances. In addition, the number of non-native English speakers can impact a school’s test results.
In addition, seemingly wealthy school districts can be drawn in such a way to include low income housing which could potentially bring down the test scores.
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