MEMORY (MEMÓRIA) by Anne Brontë (Thornton, UK, 1820-1849, Scarborough, UK)

A little bit of this author:Show more

Anne Brontë (17 January 1820, Thornton, England – 28 May 1849, Scarborough, England) was a British poet and novelist, the youngest of the Brontë literary family.

Daughter of Patrick Brontë, a poor Irish clergyman, Anne Brontë lived most of her life with her family in the village of Haworth, in the Yorkshire hills. Between 1836 and 1837, she attended a boarding school in Mirfield, also in Yorkshire. At the age of 19, Anne left Haworth and worked as a governess between 1839 and 1845. After leaving this job, she began to fulfill her desire to become a writer. In 1846, she published a volume of poetry with her sisters (Poems by Currer, Ellis and Action Bell) and, the following year, she published the novel Agnes Grey, based on her own experiences as a governess. Her second and final novel, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, considered one of the first feminist novels, was published in 1848. Like her poems, both of her novels were published under the male pen name Acton Bell. Anne died at the age of 29, a victim of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Publication of the book of poems

First edition of the book of poems Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell which the Brontë sisters published independently and under male pseudonyms in 1846
In the summer of 1845, Anne's sisters had returned to their father's house with no prospects of employment. Charlotte found some of Emily's poems that she had only shared with Anne, her collaborator in the fantastical world of Gondal. Charlotte suggested publishing these poems and the sisters worked together, eventually putting together 40 poems (Anne and Emily wrote 21 poems and Charlotte the remaining 19) in a book that they published independently, and without telling the rest of the family, with the inheritance money. from the aunt.[33]

The sisters feared that their work would be evaluated differently because they were women, so they decided to publish it under male pseudonyms whose initials were the same as their real names. Charlotte, Emily and Anne became, respectively, Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell and the book Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell was published in May 1846. Despite receiving some positive reviews, the book was a complete failure, selling only two copies in a year. However, Anne managed to have some success with poems of her own. In December 1848, Leeds Intelligencer and Fraser's Magazine published his poem "The Narrow Way", written under his pseudonym, Acton Bell, and four months earlier Fraser's Magazine had published his poem, "The Three Guides".

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Um pouco sobre a autora
Anne Brontë (Thornton, Inglaterra, 17 de janeiro de 1820 – Scarborough, Inglaterra, 28 de maio de 1849) foi uma poetisa e romancista britânica, a mais jovem da família literária Brontë.

Filha de Patrick Brontë, um clérigo irlandês pobre, Anne Brontë viveu a maioria da sua vida com a sua família na aldeia de Haworth, nos morros de Yorkshire. Entre 1836 e 1837, frequentou um internato em Mirfield, também em Yorkshire. Aos 19 anos, Anne deixou Haworth e trabalhou como governanta entre 1839 e 1845. Depois de deixar este emprego, começou a cumprir o seu desejo de se tornar escritora. Em 1846, publicou um volume de poesia com as suas irmãs (Poems by Currer, Ellis and Action Bell) e, no ano seguinte, publicou o romance Agnes Grey, baseado nas suas próprias experiências como governanta. O seu segundo e último romance, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, considerado um dos primeiros romances feministas, foi publicado em 1848. À semelhança dos seus poemas, ambos os seus romances foram publicados sob o pseudónimo masculino Acton Bell. Anne faleceu ainda jovem, aos 29 anos, vítima de tuberculose pulmonar.

Publicação do livro de poemas

No verão de 1845, as irmãs de Anne tinham regressado a casa do pai sem perspetivas de emprego. Charlotte encontrou alguns poemas de Emily que ela tinha partilhado apenas com Anne, a sua colaboradora no mundo fantástico de Gondal. Charlotte sugeriu publicar esses poemas e as irmãs trabalharam em conjunto, acabando por reunir 40 poemas (Anne e Emily escreveram 21 poemas e Charlotte os restantes 19) num livro que publicaram de forma independente, e sem contar à restante família, com o dinheiro da herança da tia.[33]

As irmãs temiam que o seu trabalho fosse avaliado de forma diferente por serem mulheres, por isso decidiram publicá-lo sob pseudónimos masculinos cujas iniciais eram iguais às dos seus nomes verdadeiros. Charlotte, Emily e Anne tornaram-se, respectivamente, Currer, Ellis e Acton Bell e o livro Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell foi publicado em maio de 1846. Apesar de ter recebido algumas críticas positivas, o livro foi um fracasso completo, vendendo apenas duas cópias num ano. No entanto, Anne conseguiu ter algum sucesso com poemas próprios. Em dezembro de 1848, a Leeds Intelligencer e a Fraser's Magazine publicaram o seu poema "The Narrow Way", escrito sob o seu pseudónimo, Acton Bell e, quatro meses antes, a Fraser's Magazine tinha publicado o seu poema, "The Three Guides".