Understanding The Crisis In Sudan | Joshua Craze | TMR

Joshua Craze joins the program to discuss the ongoing conflict in Sudan between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), loyal to General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the paramilitary forces of his deputy, Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, also known as Hemedti. The clashes began on 15 April in Khartoum and have been attributed to the December 2022 Framework Agreement that failed to address the integration of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) into the army. The article traces the roots of the conflict back to the formation of the Sudanese state and the country's history of civil war and strife. The article also discusses how former President Omar al-Bashir used militias to wage a counterinsurgency on the cheap, which resulted in the Sudanese military competing with other security organs such as the RSF. The article argues that the interests of Sudan's central government are structurally opposed to those of the country's peripheries, a class relation articulated as a geographical antagonism.

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We are back and we are joined Now by Joshua Craze. Writer and researcher covering Sudan. Joshua thanks so much for coming on. my pleasure. great to be here. So let's start as broadly as possible here, for I mean I would guess a majority of our audience is not totally familiar with the conflict in Sudan. What's the quick history of the conflict where we got to this point? and what are the sides that are involved here? So this is an eagle-eyed, like two-minute view. Right. After 30 years Sudan was ruled by a dictator called Omar Bashir. And he organized his rule and maintained his power by setting up these opposing military blocks. That each sort of competed against the other. One of them was the Saranam forces currently represented by a man called Burhan. The other was a paramilitary group called the rapid support forces run by a man known as Hemati. And these were two of the major forces that he used to wreak out his very violent rule in the country by taking over resources from the peripheries of the country. he fell after the revolution in 2019. After massive civilian unrest and discontent with his rule. That then led to a transitional government between civilian forces known as the FFC and the military. So that combined all the security sectors together. And that trundled along for a year it made a variety of economic decisions that were very unpopular. But at the final moment in October 2021, there was a coup and the Army took over. So up to this point, the battles were really between the civilians and the Army. The coup however wasn't successful. It's important to say that neither humanity nor Burhan has any real political legitimacy in the country. they have no real support. And in December of 2022. So just a few months ago under International pressure, the military Junta and Hematian were pushed into a new agreement with the civilians. That might seem like a good thing but actually, it was a bad thing. and the reason it was a bad thing is it suddenly forced these two military actors to make real concessions. and the big number one concession did the rsf this paramilitary Force join the Army. And so Hennessy the head of her military floor said yes you will join in 22 years. And the Army was like let's try two years. Suddenly they had a month because of the totally unrealistic time frame in this peace agreement to reconcile these major decisions about the military future of the country. And that was when you really saw build-up. So you saw the RSF position themselves outside of air bases which is the Sudan Armed Force's major military advantage over them. You saw the Armed Forces kicking people out of meetings. And that really set the precipitating stage for the violence that we're seeing right now.