New South Wales' Massive Tweed Volcano

Tweed Volcano is a heavily eroded shield volcano, that existed in its live state around 23 million years ago. This incredible landmark is the largest volcano in Australia, and, the massive erosion caldera that exists in Tweed, is the largest in the southern hemisphere.Show more

Tweed has a very interesting history. Because even though it's a shield volcano, it's also released some extremely explosive volcanic eruptions. The felsic version of Tweed, is due to the melting of the ancient Triassic-Permian volcanic bedrock that existed here prior to Australia passing over a magmatic plume, known as the Cosgrove hotspot.

The vast amounts of basalt and trachyte released by this plume, travelled up through weaknesses in the lower crust of Australia, melting continental felsic rocks along the way, and altering the chemistry of the basalt, from a low silica composition, to one that was dominated by silica.

So this is the story of what is, by far, the most impressive volcano to currently exist in Australia.

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