Long Story Short Episode 49: Norepinephrine, Glymphatic System, and Brain Health

During the wakeful hours, the production of norepinephrine increases. This increase helps with alertness, but also causes vasoconstriction. The outcome is a reduction in the interstitial fluid levels and reduction in the clearance of waste products. During sleep, NE levels reduce, reversing the above mentioned mechanisms, leading to more interstitial fluid movement and more glymphatic clearance of the waste products and better brain health.

DrBeen: Medical Education Online
https://www.drbeen.com/

FLCCC | Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance
https://covid19criticalcare.com/

URL list from Monday, Feb. 20 2023

The Sleeping Brain: Harnessing the Power of the Glymphatic System through Lifestyle Choices - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698404/

Norepinephrine: What It Is, Function, Deficiency & Side Effects
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22610-norepinephrine-noradrenaline#:~:text=What%20does%20norepinephrine%20do%20in,pressure%20in%20times%20of%20stress.

Frontiers | Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrine in Learned Behavior: Anatomical Modularity and Spatiotemporal Integration in Targets
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2021.638007/full#:~:text=The%20locus%20coeruleus%20(LC)%2C,%2C%20cerebellum%2C%20and%20spinal%20cord.

fncir-15-638007-g001.jpg (1700×984)
https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/638007/fncir-15-638007-HTML/image_m/fncir-15-638007-g001.jpg

Sleep well — and reduce your risk of dementia and death - Harvard Health
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/sleep-well-and-reduce-your-risk-of-dementia-and-death-2021050322508

APOE ε4, Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology and sleep disturbance, in individuals with and without dementia | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy | Full Text
https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-00992-y

N3 Phase of Sleep.
https://chat.openai.com/chat

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https://www.sixstepstosleep.com/understanding-delta-brain-waves/

N3: Slow Wave Sleep | Sleepopolis
https://sleepopolis.com/education/n3-slow-wave-sleep/

Stage N3 of sleep. Delta waves on EEG recordings are observed.  | Download Scientific Diagram
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Stage-N3-of-sleep-Delta-waves-on-EEG-recordings-are-observed_fig4_280558638

A 30-second Epoch consisting of the parameters of staging sleep... | Download Scientific Diagram
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/4-A-30-second-Epoch-consisting-of-the-parameters-of-staging-sleep-electroencephalogram_fig4_282014972

Hallmark of Stage N3 (slow-wave sleep or Stages 3 and 4 sleep: delta... | Download Scientific Diagram
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Hallmark-of-Stage-N3-slow-wave-sleep-or-Stages-3-and-4-sleep-delta-waves_fig1_5812861

Frontiers | Perivascular Spaces, Glymphatic System and MR
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.844938/full

Perivascular spaces and brain waste clearance systems: relevance for neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathology | SpringerLink
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Frontiers | Perivascular Unit: This Must Be the Place. The Anatomical Crossroad Between the Immune, Vascular and Nervous System
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2020.00017/full

Neuroglia Lab : Glymphatics and virchow-robin space
http://visnu528.blogspot.com/2014/09/glymphatics-and-virchow-robin-space.html

Physiology and Clinical Relevance of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in the Aging Brain | Neurology
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Aquaporin-4 - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin-4

Astrocyte - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocyte

Neurocytology-Astrocytes
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Blood-brain barrier | RIT
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The Blood-Brain Barrier | Morphology of Nervous System
https://sisu.ut.ee/histology/blood-brain-barrier

Elimination of substances from the brain parenchyma: efflux via perivascular pathways and via the blood–brain barrier | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS | Full Text
https://fluidsbarrierscns.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12987-018-0113-6

The glymphatic systems in the brain and the eye export fluid and... | Download Scientific Diagram
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-glymphatic-systems-in-the-brain-and-the-eye-export-fluid-and-solutes-from_fig1_353240231

External Carotid Artery: Anatomy & Branches | Study.com
https://study.com/academy/lesson/external-carotid-artery-anatomy-branches.html

Cervical Node Mets fron Occult Primary
http://www.aboutcancer.com/cervical_node_occult_utd_907.htm

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This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
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