Long Story Short Episode 48: Alzheimer's, Sleep Disturbance, and Brain Health

Studies present an association between APOE4 and sleep disturbance. Additionally APOE4 is linked to sleep disturbance before the onset of Alzheimer's symptoms. In ‘The Sleeping Brain’ article (see below) the authors suggest that sleep disturbance causes reduced removal of the waste products from the brain, leading to the accumulation of beta amyloids - which in turn is observed in Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, it is thought that APOE directly leads to beta amyloid metabolism disturbance. And, finally, it is thought that stress-related proteolytic cleavage of APOE4 leads to accumulation of tau proteins. Let's review the evidence.

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URL list from Monday, Feb. 20 2023

The Sleeping Brain: Harnessing the Power of the Glymphatic System through Lifestyle Choices - PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698404/

Sleep well — and reduce your risk of dementia and death - Harvard Health
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/sleep-well-and-reduce-your-risk-of-dementia-and-death-2021050322508

APOE ε4, Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology and sleep disturbance, in individuals with and without dementia | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy | Full Text
https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-00992-y

N3 Phase of Sleep.
https://chat.openai.com/chat

Understanding Delta Brain Waves And Sleep
https://www.sixstepstosleep.com/understanding-delta-brain-waves/

N3: Slow Wave Sleep | Sleepopolis
https://sleepopolis.com/education/n3-slow-wave-sleep/

Stage N3 of sleep. Delta waves on EEG recordings are observed.  | Download Scientific Diagram
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Stage-N3-of-sleep-Delta-waves-on-EEG-recordings-are-observed_fig4_280558638

A 30-second Epoch consisting of the parameters of staging sleep... | Download Scientific Diagram
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/4-A-30-second-Epoch-consisting-of-the-parameters-of-staging-sleep-electroencephalogram_fig4_282014972

Hallmark of Stage N3 (slow-wave sleep or Stages 3 and 4 sleep: delta... | Download Scientific Diagram
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Hallmark-of-Stage-N3-slow-wave-sleep-or-Stages-3-and-4-sleep-delta-waves_fig1_5812861

Frontiers | Perivascular Spaces, Glymphatic System and MR
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.844938/full

Perivascular spaces and brain waste clearance systems: relevance for neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathology | SpringerLink
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00234-021-02718-7

Frontiers | Perivascular Unit: This Must Be the Place. The Anatomical Crossroad Between the Immune, Vascular and Nervous System
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2020.00017/full

Neuroglia Lab : Glymphatics and virchow-robin space
http://visnu528.blogspot.com/2014/09/glymphatics-and-virchow-robin-space.html

Physiology and Clinical Relevance of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in the Aging Brain | Neurology
https://n.neurology.org/content/98/3/107

Aquaporin-4 - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin-4

Astrocyte - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocyte

Neurocytology-Astrocytes
https://neuropathology-web.org/chapter1/chapter1bAstrocytes.html#:~:text=Astrocytic%20foot%20processes%20surround%20brain,maintains%20homeostasis%20in%20the%20CNS.

Blood-brain barrier | RIT
https://www.rit.edu/spotlights/blood-brain-barrier

The Blood-Brain Barrier | Morphology of Nervous System
https://sisu.ut.ee/histology/blood-brain-barrier

Elimination of substances from the brain parenchyma: efflux via perivascular pathways and via the blood–brain barrier | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS | Full Text
https://fluidsbarrierscns.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12987-018-0113-6

The glymphatic systems in the brain and the eye export fluid and... | Download Scientific Diagram
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-glymphatic-systems-in-the-brain-and-the-eye-export-fluid-and-solutes-from_fig1_353240231

External Carotid Artery: Anatomy & Branches | Study.com
https://study.com/academy/lesson/external-carotid-artery-anatomy-branches.html

Cervical Node Mets fron Occult Primary
http://www.aboutcancer.com/cervical_node_occult_utd_907.htm

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This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only. Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.
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