How were Stem Cell discovered and what are the different types?

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In this video Josh talks about the discovery and different types of stem cells. In the early 1990s, Dr. Arnold Kaplan found that he could isolate mesenchymal stem cells in the lab and turn them into different tissues. However, when injected into the body, they act as medicinal signaling, seeking out inflammation to guide the healing process, instead of differentiating into specific tissues. The most commonly known stem cells are embryonic stem cells, but they are not yet a viable option for treatment due to their tendency to become tumors. Another type of stem cell is induced pluripotent stem cells, created from skin cells using gene editing techniques, but this technology is still in its early stages. The third type is hematopoietic stem cells found in bone marrow and producing red and white blood cells. Hematopoietic stem cell therapy has been used since the 1960s, such as in bone marrow transplants for leukemia patients.