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解密腦病變之謎 類人腦組織成功植入鼠腦
2 years ago
2
2023年1月4日
由史丹佛大學實驗室主導的最新研究,將類似人類大腦皮層的組織,植入實驗老鼠的頭骨內,藉此在鼠腦內培育出人類神經元,進而嘗試解開自閉症、帕金森氏症或阿茲海默症等神經性退化疾病的謎題。
這項研究是從7年前展開,團隊利用人類的皮膚細胞製造幹細胞,培育出類似大腦皮層組織後,再植入約100隻新生幼鼠的頭骨,由於這些幼鼠免疫系統較弱,沒有產生移植後的排斥現象,且在半年後,人腦細胞逐漸與鼠腦原有細胞融合,甚至占據鼠腦的1/3。團隊嘗試將組織植入鼠腦主管接收處理觸覺與痛覺的部分,並在訓練後,只要研究人員以藍色雷射光刺激類人腦神經元時,老鼠就會出現舔拭、口渴等相應反應;另一方面,如果撥弄老鼠的鬍鬚,類人腦細胞也有反應。
團隊也嘗試將罹患遺傳疾病「提摩西症候群」(Timothy syndrome)的人體組織移植至鼠腦,其中的突變基因就明顯阻礙了鼠腦正常發育。未來團隊將進一步利用此實驗,了解基因突變如何影響人腦迴路思維與行為方式,了解自閉症、帕金森氏症或阿茲海默症等神經性退化疾病,甚至測試新療法的有效性。
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