What are the white bags tied around Russian and Ukrainian mortar shells?

Attention YouTube reviewer: This is noncombat training footage.

The white bags are "charges" - basically bags of propellent. The more charges tied to the round, the further the mortar round will travel. Using cloth bags is leftover from the Soviet era.

NATO mortar shells use prepacked "cheese charges" which are already attached to the round for a maximum charge. The charges are then removed to reduce the range that the shell will travel.

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References:

CatUXO
https://cat-uxo.com/explosive-hazards/mortars/120mm-f-843-mortar

https://armamentresearch.com/soviet-3z2-incendiary-mortar-projectiles-documented-in-ukraine-2022/

Radio Free America
https://youtu.be/CRTLQwvT7ko?t=78

The Sun
https://youtu.be/mIgB6rQOEwk