What is Artesian well

Named for a French province where they were once common, artesian wells are not unlike water towers in that they use water depth to create pressure, making pumps unnecessary.
Engineers punch the well into a deep underground aquifer confined between impermeable rock layers.
The aquifer must be one that receives it's waters from a higher-level source.
This water column pushes down on the trapped aquifer with enough force to press it up through the well.