Egyptians helped discover King Tut's tomb. Now, they're finally being recognized.

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By Owen Jarus published 4 days ago
British archaeologist Howard Carter often gets the credit for discovering the tomb of King Tutankhamun. But many Egyptians helped, and one youngster may have even originally discovered the tomb.

Much of the excavation work on Tutankhamun's tomb was done by Egyptians. We know few of their names. (Image credit: Copyright Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images)
British archaeologist Howard Carter is often credited with finding Tutankhamun's tomb, but the names and identities of the Egyptians who did much of the work are largely unknown.
Now, in the exhibition "Tutankhamun: Excavating the Archive
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" at the University of Oxford's Bodleian libraries, which runs through Feb. 5, 2023, photos of the Egyptians who uncovered King Tutankhamun's tomb are displayed in an attempt to recognize them.
The photos in the exhibition show the Egyptians doing much of the excavation, as well as an Egyptian doctor participating in the autopsy of Tutankhamun's mummy. Another photo shows a boy wearing some of Tut's jewelry, and in another image, a group of American and European archaeologists sit down to lunch near the excavation site while Egyptians serve them.
According to the curators of the exhibition, we don't know the names of most of the Egyptians who excavated the tomb. "We only know the names of the four foremen that Carter employed, as he names them and thanks them in his publication," Daniela Rosenow
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, a project officer at the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Oxford, told Live Science in an email. "They were Ahmed Gerigar, Gad Hassan, Hussein Abu Awad [and] Hussein Ahmed."
Related: King Tut, the boy soldier? Here's what other stories aren't telling you.
We also know of Mohamed Saleh Hamdi Bey, an Egyptian medical doctor who took part in the autopsy of Tutankhamun, and Hussein Abd el-Rassul, a water boy who, according to some stories, was the first, or among the first, to find the tomb. In most cases, the exhibition curators could not identify the Egyptians in the photos.
A number of Egyptologists told Live Science that Carter had a colonial mindset and tended not to treat the Egyptians as equals. "I think he was generally arrogant … not only against Egyptian[s] but also against other nationalities," Usama Gad, a tenured lecturer of papyrology and comparative literature at Ain Shams University in Cairo, told Live Science in an email. "He abused most of his teams' efforts and work."
Zahi Hawass, Egypt's former minister of antiquities, also noted that Carter treated Egyptians poorly. "One of Carter's biggest mistakes was how he treated Egyptians," Hawass told Live Science in an email. "He didn't allow any Egyptian officials to visit the tomb, but planned to open the burial chamber and sarcophagus with his team and their wives." Hawass noted that this incident increased tensions between Carter and Egypt's then-minister of antiquities, Morcos Hanna, with Carter being dismissed in 1924. After a change in Egypt's government in 1925, Carter was allowed to resume working at the site.
In 1922, Egypt declared independence from Britain, but Britain retained considerable influence. "For the Egyptians, struggling for true independence, it hurt that Tutankhamun's tomb was in the hands of foreigners," Peter Der
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