Asymptomatic Breast Cancer: How to diagnose the tricky cancer signs?

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The looming danger of breast cancer
The most common type of cancer in women is breast cancer. Millions of women across the globe have died due to breast cancer, which could easily be prevented. According to the National Cancer Registry Program report by National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, in 2020 the estimated cancer cases in women is around two lakhs and projected to be around 2.3 lakhs by 2025. The incidences of breast cancer are on an all-time high, major reason being lack of awareness leading to a late diagnosis.
Diagnosis: Asymptomatic Breast Cancer
As the name suggests, we see or experience no symptoms in the case of asymptomatic breast cancers. In such cases, the disease could have metastasized which means spread to other parts of the body from the site of origin. Metastatic breast cancer is generally detected in the advanced stages where the treatment options become more invasive. However, one can avoid reaching advanced stages by early cancer screening tests. Women beyond the age of 40 must consult their gynaecologists for a clinical breast exam once a year. In addition, for low-risk cases mammography must be done once in two years.

How often should you get screened?
Dr Mukesh Gupta, Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, Le Nest Hospital Malad, Mumbai, says, “In high-risk cases, screening should be more aggressive from 25 years onwards in consultation with your doctor.

A range of imaging tests such as x-ray mammography, breast ultrasound, MRIs, CT, and PET scans are available that can detect any malignancies in the breast. As you age, these tests are an essential preventive strategy for early diagnosis. Cancer may remain undetected for 2 to 5 years and hence the importance of screening tests in asymptomatic women.”
Diagnosis: Symptomatic Breast Cancer
Diagnosis in breast cancer is the most important pillar to improve survival outcomes, as there is no fool proof prevention strategy. Earlier you catch the disease the higher the chance of avoiding its spread. There are many symptoms associated with breast cancer, hence monthly self-breast exams are highly recommended.
How to do a self breast examination?
Every girl of 20 years and above must do self-breast exams every month. While doing a self-exam, the ‘look’ and ‘feel’ are the two important components to be considered. One should look for any lumps, change in contours, dimpling or bulging of skin, any nipple changes such as position changes, swelling or nipple inversion. Any fluid discharge, especially if blood tinged or secretions from the breast could be a warning sign and must be immediately reported to your healthcare professional. This is the first step in diagnosis in symptomatic breast cancers.
Self-breast exam is an easy method to diagnose on time, hence regularly following this practice is crucial. However, one cannot avoid the importance of clinical breast exams especially after you cross the age of 40 years. Screening diagnostic and imaging tests such as breast ultrasounds or mammography and genetic counselling are also recommended as and when required, as advised by your doctor.
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