No.20 - Threading the Simplification Needle

Galileo had a choice between two prevailing theories that described the structure of our solar system. It was possible to make accurate predictions about the movement of the planets and other celestial bodies, with acceptable precision, using both the Ptolemaic structure and the Copernican structure.

What tool did Galileo use in his determination that the Copernican structure was the correct one and why was he so persuaded as to go against the reigning dogma, under penalty of death?
And why is it important to us?

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