The Reality of Conscience | Dr. Karel Balcar | PS15 Meaning Conference 2002

4 p.m. – 4:50 p.m. Paper Sessions

PS15 Karel Balcar, Ph.D., Associate Professor in Psychology,
Charles University 3rd Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic

Chair – Derrick Klaassen, M.A., Trinity Western University

The reality of conscience: existential, or psychological?

This theoretical essay explores typical psychological (re)interpretations of the phenomenon of conscience in man’s life. Psychological (or bio-psychological) “explanations” of conscience aim at reducing the conscience to simple patterns of interplay of neuropsychological, learning, motivational, cognitive, or self processes. Psychoanalytic superego, gestalt therapy’s introjects, learning theory’s conditional reflex and anticipation reaction, cognitive dissonance, and self-(in)congruence are brought up as representatives of psychological reduction. It is argued that those reductionistic explanatory “conscience substitutes” are all real and functional in people, however, they are not the genuine conscience “operating” within the spiritual realm. Metaphorically, their nature may be likened to that of a “mirror” as against that of a “window”, respectively.

Educational Objectives:
1) To demonstrate the variety of theoretical attempts in psychology to explain away the existential nature of man’s conscience.
2) To stimulate attempts at discovering and formulating empirical criteria for distinguishing the (existential) conscience from functionally similar (just psychological) mechanisms.

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