Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution – Antony C. Sutton – Chapter 4

Chapter 4: Wall Street and World Revolution

Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution: The Remarkable True Story of the American Capitalists Who Financed the Russian Communists, Antony C. Sutton March 1974, Clairview Books; Reprint edition (December 20, 2012)

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Why did the 1917 American Red Cross Mission to Russia include more financiers than medical doctors? Rather than caring for the victims of war and revolution, its members seemed more intent on negotiating contracts with the Kerensky government and, subsequently, the Bolshevik regime.

Footnotes to Chapter 4:
1 John Moody, The Truth about the Trusts (New York: Moody Publishing, 1904).

2 The J. P. Morgan Company was originally founded in London as George Peabody and Co. in 1838. It was not incorporated until March 21, 1940. The company ceased to exist in April 1954 when it merged with the Guaranty Trust Company, then its most important commercial bank subsidiary, and is today known as the Morgan Guarantee Trust Company of New York.

3 United States, House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, The Story of Panama, Hearings on the Rainey Resolution, 1913. p. 53.

4 Ibid., p. 60.

5 Stanford, Calif. See also the Los Angeles Times, October 13, 1966.

6 Later codirector with Hjalmar Schacht (Hitler's banker) and Emil Wittenberg, of the Nationalbank für Deutschland.

7 United States, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Investigation of Mexican Affairs, 1920.

8 Lincoln Steffens, The Letters of Lincoln Steffens (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1941, I:386

9 U.S., Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Investigation of Mexican Affairs,1920, pts. 2, 18, p. 681.

10 Ibid.

11 New York Times, January 23, 1919.

12 U.S., Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, op. cit., pp. 795-96.

13 U.S., Senate, Hearings Before the Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry, 73-74th Cong., 1934-37, pt. 25, p. 7666.

14 U.S. State Dept. Decimal File, 861.51/110 (316-116-682).

15 U.S. State Dept. Decimal File, 861.51/112.

16 U.S. State Dept. Decimal File, 861.51/111.

17 Handwritten in parentheses.

18 Olof Aschberg, En Vandrande Jude Frän Glasbruksgatan (Stockholm: Albert
Bonniers Förlag, n.d.), pp. 98-99, which is included in Memoarer (Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag, 1946). See also Gästboken (Stockholm: Tidens Förlag, 1955) for further material on Aschberg.

19 Aschberg, p. 123.

20 New York Times, August 4, 1916.

21 Michael Futrell, Northern Underground (London: Faber and Faber, 1963), p. 162.

22 See Robert Paul Browder and Alexander F. Kerensky, The Russian Provisional government, 1917 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Perss, 1961), 3: 1365. "Via Bank" is obviously Nya Banken.

23 U.S. State Dept. Decimal File, 861.00/1130.

24 U.S. State Dept. Decimal File, 861.516/129, August 28, 1922. A State Dept. report from Stockholm, dated October 9, 1922 (861.516/137), states in regard to Aschberg, "I met Mr. Aschberg some weeks ago and in the conversation with him he substantially stated all that appeared in this report.

25 Ibid., 861.516/130, September 13, 1922.

26 Ibid.

27 Ibid.

28 Ibid., 861.516/140, Stockholm, October 23, 1922.

29 Ibid., 861.516/147, December 8, 1922.

30 Ibid., 861.516/144, November 18, 1922.

31 Ibid., 861.316/197, Stockholm, March 7, 1924.

32 This section is based on the Overman Committee hearings, U.S., Senate, Brewing and Liquor Interests and German and Bolshevik Propaganda, Hearings before the Subcommittee on the Judiciary, 65th Cong., 1919, 2:2154-74.

33 Count Von Bernstorff, My Three Years in America (New York: Scribner's, 1920), p.
261.

34 Ibid.

35 Ibid.

36 French Strothers, Fighting Germany's Spies (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page,
1918), p. 152.

37 U.S., Senate, Overman Committee, 2:2009.

38 This section is based on the following sources (as well as those cited elsewhere): Jean Bardanne, Le Colonel Nicolai: espion de genie (Paris: Editions Siboney, n.d.); Cours de Justice, Affaire Caillaux, Loustalot et Comby: Procedure Generale Interrogatoires (Paris, 1919), pp. 349-50, 937-46

39 See p. 70.

40 This Interrelationship is dealt with extensively in the three-volume Overman Committee report of 1919. See bibliography.

41 See Rudolph Binion, Defeated Leaders (New York: Columbia University Press,1960).

42George Adam, Treason and Tragedy: An Account of French War Trials (London: Jonathan Cape, 1929).

43Ibid.

44The Enemy Within (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1920).

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