What kind of government does the world have? Who has power and who doesn't?

What past events have shaped the way it is now?Then I brainstorm answers to questions that draw out the details of my fictional world.What rules are in place here?This covers everything from laws of gravity,or not,to the rules of society and the punishments for individuals who break them.What kind of government does this world have?Who has power, and who doesn't?What do people believe in here?And what does this society value most?