Code of Canon Law: Punishment (Cann. 1311 - 1312)

BOOK VI.
SANCTIONS IN THE CHURCH
PART I.
DELICTS AND PENALTIES IN GENERAL
TITLE I

THE PUNISHMENT OF DELICTS IN GENERAL (Cann. 1311 - 1312)

Can. 1311 The Church has the innate and proper right to coerce offending members of the Christian faithful with penal sanctions.

Can. 1312 §1. The following are penal sanctions in the Church:

1/ medicinal penalties, or censures, which are listed in cann. 1331-1333;

2/ expiatory penalties mentioned in can. 1336.

§2. The law can establish other expiatory penalties which deprive a member of the Christian faithful of some spiritual or temporal good and which are consistent with the supernatural purpose of the Church.

§3. Penal remedies and penances are also used; the former especially to prevent delicts, the latter to substitute for or to increase a penalty.

https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib6-cann1311-1363_en.html

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In the area of property law where the Church claims the right to acquire, possess, administer, and dispose of temporal goods, in pursuit of ends proper to the Church, independently of civil power (c. 1254).

It was Catholic Churches control of the secular authorities (kings and nations) that held heresy to be a capital offence with severe or violent penalty including death.

"Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith", the Inquisition office of the Vatican.