🔴 4 Awesome Discoveries You Probably Didn’t Hear About Episode 39

Stinging snot bombs, graphene from trash in a flash, coronavirus creature feature, and sweating robots – cool!

Researchers create 3D-printed, sweating robot muscle
http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2020/...
Cornell University
Italian Institute of Technology’s Center for Micro-BioRobotics

Rice lab turns trash into valuable graphene in a flash
https://news.rice.edu/2020/01/27/rice...
Rice University
Universal Matter Ltd.
C-Crete Technologies

Coronavirus outbreak raises question: Why are bat viruses so deadly?
https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/02/10/...
University of California, Berkeley
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Princeton University
Charité Universitätsmedizin, Germany
Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

Stinging water mystery solved - Jellyfish can sting swimmers, prey with 'mucus grenades'
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releas...
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
National Aquarium
University of Kansas
Rice University
Texas A&M University
Stanford University
California State University

Credit: National Science Foundation

Transcript:
Swim near this species, the upside-down jellyfish, and the water alone could sting you. Now scientists know why. When agitated or feeding, upside-down jellyfish release clouds of toxin-filled mucus. Researchers discovered the mucus contains gyrating balls of stinging cells dubbed cassiosomes, released from clusters on the jellyfish’s frilly oral arms. Cassiosomes sting swimmers but also kill prey. Watch what they do to Brine shrimp in just 60 seconds. The team has already discovered cassiosomes in other closely related jellyfish species.

Say it with me—banana peels build buildings. Chemists have discovered a way to convert just about any carbon source, including food waste, coal and plastic, into graphene—the strongest material known. Ten milliseconds later you’ve got a material that can be used to strengthen concrete, reduce manufacturing cost and decrease environmental impacts. Could also be used to improve plastics, paints, metals and more, all while decreasing our carbon footprint and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Like I said, banana peels build buildings.

The original source of the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 is believed to be bats, as in some other coronavirus pandemics. Now, a new study finds that the fierce immune responses that allow bats to host viruses without getting sick may, in turn, drive those viruses to spread more quickly inside them. So, when the viruses jump to other mammals, with average immune systems, including humans, they wreak deadly havoc. The researchers infected bat cells with virus and matched their experiments with mathematical models that show this faster spread rate countered by the bat immune response. Next step? A more formal model of virus evolution in bat immune systems to better understand the pathology upon spillover to other animal and human hosts.

What happens when a bot gets too hot?! System shutdown! Researchers have found a new way to cool a robot’s motors and more: imitation perspiration. Sweating. The team created robotic fingers from two hydrogel materials that can contain water and cool quickly. When the temperature goes above 86 degrees, the base layer automatically shrinks, squeezing water to the top layer. That layer has tiny pores that dilate and let out some water…which evaporates, taking heat with it. But would all this robo-sweat make the hands too slippery? Researchers are now working on surface mods – fingerprint like ridges - to get a grip on that problem.

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